Courses of Study 2013-2014

May 18, 2024

Courses of Study 2013-2014 [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions

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BEE—Biological & Environmental Engineering
	BEE 4750 - Environmental Systems Analysis Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BEE 2510 or BEE 2600 or permission of instructor. D. A. Haith. Applications of mathematical modeling, simulation, and optimization to environmental-quality management. Fate and transport models for contaminants in air, water, and soil. Optimization methods (search techniques, linear programming) to evaluate alternatives for solid-waste management and water and air pollution control. Introduction to hydrologic simulation (runoff and streamflow). Software packages for watershed analyses of point and nonpoint source water pollution. Outcome 1: An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. Outcome 2: An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems. Outcome 3: An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice for engineering practice. Outcome 4: An ability to create sustainable solutions in the context of a complex natural environment.
	BEE 4760 - Solid Waste Engineering Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BEE 3500 or CEE 3510 or permission of instructor. D. A. Haith. Planning and design of processes and facilities for management of municipal solid wastes. Source characterization and reduction; collection and transport systems; waste-toenergy combustion; sanitary landfills; composting; recycling and materials recovery facilities; and hazardous waste management. Emphasizes quantitative analyses. Outcome 1: An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. Outcome 2: An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems. Outcome 3: A knowledge of contemporary issues. Outcome 4: An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice for engineering practice. Outcome 5: An ability to create sustainable solutions in the context of a complex natural environment.
	BEE 4800 - [Our Changing Atmosphere: Global Change and Atmospheric Chemistry] (crosslisted) (also EAS 4800 ) Fall. 3 credits. Prerequisite: CHEM 2070 or CHEM 2090 , MATH 1920 , PHYS 1112 or equivalent, or permission of instructor. Next offered 2014-2015. P. G. Hess. This course investigates the science behind changes in our atmosphere’s composition and its relation to global change. Students examine the chemistry and physics that determines atmospheric composition on global scales including the effects of biogeochemistry and atmospheric photochemistry. Outcome 1: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. Outcome 2: An ability to communicate effectively.
	BEE 4810 - LRFD - Based Engineering of Wood Structures (crosslisted) (also CEE 4810 ) Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: ENGRD 2020 . Satisfies BE capstone design requirement when co-registered in BEE 4960 . K. G. Gebremedhin. Computer-aided and manual computation procedures of Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)-based engineering of wood structures. National design codes and standards; estimation of factored design loads and load combinations; mechanical properties of wood and wood products; designs of beams, columns, trusses, frames, arches, bridges, diaphragms; connections and wood structural systems. Also discusses engineering design judgment as an integral component of the quantitative design procedure. Outcome 1: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. Outcome 2: An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. Outcome 3: An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems.
	BEE 4840 - Metabolic Engineering Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: biochemistry course or permission of instructor. R. M. Spanswick. The principles of metabolic engineering as they relate to the regulation of metabolic pathways, including membrane transport, are considered in terms of enzyme kinetics and metabolic control analysis. Case studies, reflecting the interests of the instructor, include examples involving higher plants in addition to those on microorganisms. Each student is expected to investigate one topic in depth and make a short class presentation. Outcome 1: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. Outcome 2: An ability to communicate effectively. Outcome 3: An ability to integrate modern biology with engineering principles.
	BEE 4860 - Industrial Ecology of Agriculturally Based Bioindustries Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: one year of calculus, some knowledge of MATLAB. L. P. Walker. Agricultural-based biofuels and bioproducts systems are very complex and highly integrated. Each of these subsystems are composed of a number of biological, chemical, and physical processes that can be interconnected to a multitude of ways to generate the essential material and energy flows for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. For this course an input/output modeling methodology is employed to develop and manipulate the structure of complex agriculturally based bio-industries and to generate the material, energy, and monetary flows. Students use linear algebra and state space tools in the MATLAB toolbox to simulate static and dynamic behavior of these complex webs of connected processes and to conduct life-cycle analysis of these complex webs. Outcome 1: Course improves your ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems. Outcome 2: Course enhances your ability to create sustainable solutions in the context of a complex natural environment.
	BEE 4870 - Sustainable Bioenergy Systems Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BEE 2220 or equivalent thermodynamics course. Intended for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students. Satisfies BE and EnvE capstone design requirement. L. Angenent. Offers a systems approach to understanding renewable bioenergy systems (biomass) and their conversion processes, from various aspects of biology, engineering, environmental impacts, economics, and sustainable development. A large part of the course deepens students’ understanding of bioprocessing with undefined mixed cultures of microbes. Outcome 1: An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. Outcome 2: An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams.
	BEE 4880 - Applied Modeling and Simulation for Renewable Energy Systems Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Enrollment limited to: senior in engineering, graduate standing, or permission of instructor. Co-meets with BEE 6880 . C. L. Anderson. This course will provide an applied introduction to modeling, simulation and optimization techniques for various renewable energy systems. The course will be modular in nature. Each module will focus on a particular renewable energy application and relevant modeling/simulation tools. Some modules are independent and some will build on previous modules. The instructional format of the course will include lectures, scientific paper reviews, and some Matlab programming. Students will have an opportunity to apply new techniques to a relevant modeling project. The course will culminate with a modeling project relevant to renewable energy. Undergraduates will work in teams of 2-3 students to complete the term project. Outcome 1: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. Outcome 2: An ability to communicate effectively. Outcome 3: A knowledge of contemporary issues.
	BEE 4890 - Entrepreneurial Management for Engineers Fall. 4 credits. Letter grades only. Enrollment is limited to: junior standing or higher. Satisfies College of Engineering technical writing requirement. No one allowed to add course after second week. M. B. Timmons. Focuses on how to start a new company centered on engineering or biological technologies. The course covers entrepreneurship principles, fund raising, negotiation, financial calculations (internal rate of return, time value of money, proforma statements); legal structures of businesses; project management; technical writing and communication. Majority of work done in teams, including a complete business plan that is presented to angel investors. Business plans should represent an opportunity one member of the group is willing to pursue upon leaving Cornell. Intention is to make the team project as real-world as possible, meaning that the Phase I start up funds are <$100,000. The Wednesday lab is devoted to working on business plan components. The engineering economics coverage is in the context of entrepreneurship but covers all topics that are included in the Fundamentals of Engineering Exam (FE), which is the first step towards professional licensing. The overall goal of the course is to move the student towards being prepared to function in a professional work world. Outcome 1: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. Outcome 2: An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams. Outcome 3: An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility. Outcome 4: An ability to communicate effectively.
	BEE 4940 - [Special Topics in Biological and Environmental Engineering] Spring. 3 credits. Next offered 2014-2015. Topic 1, P. G. Hess, M. T. Walter; Topic 2, P. G. Hess, N. Mahowald, L. Derry. Topic 1: Terrestrial Hydrology in a Changing Climate. Explore the impact of climate change on hydrology and the resulting impacts and uncertainty in future water management practices. Course activities will include lectures, seminars, readings, and student lead presentations, discussions and project related to climate change and hydrology. Topic 2: Cross Scales Biogeochemical Modeling. The course will teach the basic principles of biogeochemical modeling from the process level to the global earth system and will include hands-on computer programming.
	BEE 4960 - Capstone Design in Biological and Environmental Engineering Spring. 1 credit. Letter grades only. Corequisite: BEE 4810 . K. G. Gebremedhin. Involves capstone design experience, including a team project incorporating analysis, design, evaluation, synthesis, and a written and oral report of the end product. Outcome 1: An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. Outcome 2: An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice for engineering practice.
	BEE 4970 - Individual Study in Biological and Environmental Engineering Fall, spring. 1-4 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: adequate ability and training for work proposed. Permission of instructor required. Enrollment limited to: seniors in upper two-fifths of their class. Students from all colleges must register using CALS Special Studies form available online. Staff. Special work in any area of biological and environmental engineering on problems under investigation by the department or of special interest to the student, provided, in the latter case, that adequate facilities can be obtained.
	BEE 4971 - Engineers Without Borders Independent Study Fall, spring. 1-4 credits, variable. Enrollment limited to: members of Engineers Without Borders. Students from all colleges must register using CALS Special Studies form available online. M. F. Walter. The course content must relate directly to goals of Engineers Without Borders (EWB) and can be taken for 1 to 4 credits under supervision of a College of Engineering faculty member with approval of the EWB faculty advisor (Currently M.F. Walter). Internships can consist of on- or off-campus research or work experiences. The independent study should be purposeful, provide opportunities for reflection, present a continual challenge to the student, and incorporate active learning. The student is expected to be an active participant in all stages of the experience from planning to evaluation. Students taking this course must be members of Cornell EWB.
	BEE 4980 - Undergraduate Teaching Fall, spring. 1-4 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Permission of instructor required. Students from all colleges must register using CALS Special Studies form available online. Staff. The student assists in teaching a biological and environmental engineering course appropriate to his or her previous training. The student meets with a discussion or laboratory section, prepares course materials, grades assignments, and regularly discusses objectives and techniques with the faculty member in charge of the course.
	BEE 4990 - Undergraduate Research Fall, spring. 1-4 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: adequate training for work proposed. Permission of instructor required. Enrollment limited to: seniors in upper two-fifths of their class. Students from all colleges must register using CALS Special Studies form available online. Staff. Research in any area of biological or environmental engineering on problems under investigation by the department or of special interest to the student, provided that adequate facilities can be obtained. The student must review pertinent literature, prepare a project outline, carry out an approved plan, and submit a formal final report.
	BEE 4991 - BEE Honors Research Fall. 1-6 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: enrollment in BEE research honors program. Students must be eligible for Latin honors and complete the honors program application by the third week of fall semester, senior year, and submit this form to 207 Riley-Robb Hall. To formally register for this course, all students must register using CALS Special Studies form available online. Staff. Intended for students pursuing the research honors program in BEE.
	BEE 4992 - BEE Honors Research Spring. 1-6 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: enrollment in BEE research honors program. Students must be eligible for Latin honors and complete the honors program application by third week of the fall semester, senior year, and submit this form to 207 Riley-Robb Hall. To formally register for this course, all students must register using CALS Special Studies form available online. Staff. Intended for students pursuing the research honors program in BEE.
	BEE 4993 - Research for Visiting Students Summer. 1-6 credits, variable. S-U grades only. J. March. Research in any area of biological and environmental engineering on problems under investigation by the department or of special interest to the student, provided that adequate facilities can be obtained. The student must review pertinent literature, prepare a project outline, carry out an approved plan, and submit a formal final report. Outcome 1: An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems.
	BEE 5010 - Bioengineering Seminar (crosslisted) (also BME 5010 ) Fall, spring. 1 credit. S-U grades only. Enrollment limited to: junior, senior, or graduate standing. D. Lipson, P. Doerschuk. Students must attend and report on 10 self-selected seminars to fulfill the requirements of the course. Self-selected seminars may include topics related to bioengineering, engineering and biology or life science. Seminars offered at other universities or at national scientific meetings may be used as long as the topic is relevant. All students must be enrolled in Blackboard. Official course registration through Cornell’s system now automatically enrolls you in Blackboard. All communications about the course and its requirements will be sent through Blackboard. Also, the final report must be downloaded and re-uploaded via Blackboard in order to receive a grade. The 10 seminars that you attend must be summarized in the final report found under “Assignments” in Blackboard. Download a copy of the form and rename the file with your name and netID. Give a 2 sentence summary of each seminar along with the date, name and affiliation of the speaker and seminar title and location. We will check for reporting on cancelled seminars. Once completed, your report should be uploaded to Blackboard under the same location in “Assignments” by the first Monday after the last day of classes. Click on the title in bold next to the book icon to find the report submission page. REMINDER: Cornell’s Code of Academic Integrity requires that you not misrepresent your attendance at these seminars.
	BEE 5330 - Engineering Professionalism Spring. (Eleven weeks) 1 credit. Enrollment limited to: graduate students with accredited engineering degree or seniors who will graduate with an accredited engineering degree. Students must register to take Fundamentals of Engineering Exam. Four required lectures (weeks 1, 2, 3 and 11). The other weeks are Wednesday evening working sessions where a professor is present along with two TA’s who work primarily one-on-one with students on the weekly homework assignments. Group interaction and teaching is encouraged. M.B. Timmons, J.R. Stedinger, staff. Course prepares the student for the general national FE Examination taught in a team-based format. FE review homework addresses FE exam preparation and students complete the formal comprehensive review of engineering subjects associated with the Fundamentals of Engineering Exam. The N.Y. FE exam is valid in any state and does not expire. Students must file their N.Y. FE Exam application by either November 1 of the previous year or by May 1 of the spring semester to be enrolled in BEE 5330. The FE exam registration and sitting fees total $205 and are paid to the N.Y. State Education Department and the testing service, not to Cornell. The N.Y. FE Exam is offered in April and October; the April exam may be taken at Cornell and other N.Y. locations; the October exam is not offered at Cornell. Once the nationally conducted FE exam is passed, it is valid forever and is valid in any state for Professional Engineering registrarion (requires an additional 4 years of experience under another registered engineer). Outcome 1: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. Outcome 2: An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.
	BEE 5400 - Engineering Ethics and Professional Practice Fall. 3 credits. Prerequisite: graduate level or senior standing. M. B. Timmons. A web-based course that is an in-depth treatment of the ethical issues facing an engineer practicing in today’s business and cultural environment. Course will present the engineering code of ethics and an engineer’s responsibility to guard the public’s health, welfare, and safety. In that context, competing ideologies will be identified that creates conflicts in choice. Several case histories will be explored to identify conflicting ideologies. Each student will be required to investigate a current case where engineer ethics are critical to the outcome of the issue/case. Students are asked to develop their own personal statement of ethics and to construct personal professional goals. Students participate via Blackboard in weekly forums with required submissions on a bi- weekly topic including supporting arguments with references on Blackboard Class. After postings, there is a required forum discussion that includes posting of comments and arguments. There are two required 2-hour live-time chat sessions one that involves leaders in the local community and the other is a discussion of personal goals and professional development. The time slot for the live chat are to be arranged, weekly office hours and on demand.
	BEE 5901 - M.P.S. Project Fall. 1-6 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Requirement for each M.P.S. candidate in field. Staff. Comprehensive project emphasizing the application of agricultural technology to the solution of a real problem.
	BEE 5902 - M.P.S. Project Spring. 1-6 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Requirement for each M.P.S. candidate in field. Staff. Comprehensive project emphasizing the application of agricultural technology to the solution of a real problem.
	BEE 5951 - Master of Engineering Design Project Fall. 3-6 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Enrollment limited to: students in a M.Eng. degree program. Staff. Comprehensive engineering design projects relating to the candidate’s area of specialization. Projects are supervised by a BEE faculty member on an individual basis. A formal project report and oral presentation of the design project are required for completion of the course(s). A minimum of 3 to a maximum of 9 credits of 5951-BEE 5952 is required for the M.Eng. degree.
	BEE 5952 - Master of Engineering Design Project Spring. 3-6 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Enrollment limited to: students in a M.Eng. degree program. Staff. Comprehensive engineering design projects relating to the candidate’s area of specialization. Projects are supervised by a BEE faculty member on an individual basis. A formal project report and oral presentation of the design project are required for completion of the course(s). A minimum of 3 to a maximum of 9 credits of BEE 5951 -5952 is required for the M.Eng. degree.
	BEE 6430 - Veterinary Perspectives on Pathogen Control in Animal Manure (crosslisted) (also VTMED 6430 , BIOMI 6430 ) Spring. (Eight weeks) 2 credits. Letter grades only. Enrollment limited to: third- and fourth-year veterinary students; graduate students, advanced undergraduate students interested in agricultural engineering as related to animal manure management. D. D. Bowman. For description, see VTMED 6430 .
	BEE 6470 - Water Transport in Plants (crosslisted) (also BIOPL 6510 ) Fall. 2 credits. Letter grades only. Offered alternate years. R. M. Spanswick. Topics include water relations of plant cells and tissues using water potential terminology; permeability of plant cells to water and the role of aquaporins; transport of water through whole plants, including transpiration, stomatal physiology, and the modifications due to plant communities; and water status and plant growth in relation to water stress.
	BEE 6490 - [Solute Transport in Plants] (crosslisted) (also BIOPL 6490 ) Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Next offered 2014-2015. (Offered alternate years) R. M. Spanswick. A fundamental treatment of the transport of ions and small organic molecules in plants.
	BEE 6550 - Biologically Inspired Microsystems Engineering Fall. 2-3 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: thermodynamics course and permission of instructor. Co-meets with BEE 4550 . M. Wu. Covers fundamental mechanisms that nature uses to build and control living systems at micro- and nano-meter length scales; engineering principles for fabricating micro/nano-meter scale devices; examples of solving contemporary problems in the health sector and environment. The lab sessions will provide students with hands on experiences in cell culture, microfluidic device and live cell imaging techniques. Graduate students will take a leadership role in the team projects (which consists of the mid-term presentation, final presentation, as well as lab).
	BEE 6570 - Mixed-Culture Engineered Systems: Bioenergy and Microbial Ecology Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Offered alternate years. Enrollment limited to: graduate standing only. L. Angenent. We will perform an in-depth analysis of the latest publications that describe undefined mixed cultures of microbes in engineered systems for bioenergy production. Discussion especially focuses on different organic waste treatment options, such as anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, composting, bioelectrochemical systems (such as microbial fuel cells), and carboxylic-acid fermentation systems. The latest and most powerful molecular biology techniques (e.g., 16S rRNA gene surveys, metagenomics, proteomics, metatranscriptomics) are discussed in the context of undefined mixed culture engineered systems. Some bioinformatic and microbial ecology tools will also be used in a hands-on project module. After completing this course, students should be able to critically read and evaluate scientific papers that show results obtained with molecular techniques from engineered systems. More specifically, you should be able to know the limitations of the utilized techniques and be able to give other techniques that may complement or improve the knowledge gained from the study.
	BEE 6580 - [Biofuels Topics] Spring. 3 credits. Next offered 2014-2015. (Offered alternate years) Enrollment limited to: graduate standing. L. T. Angenent. The specific topic changes each year, and will be chosen with the input from graduate students at the beginning of the course, but will be within the area of biofuels or bioenergy generation. This class is highly participation-oriented and each student is expected to actively participate. During each lecture we will review a single paper selected by a student and go in depth. Within the biofuels topic, we will not only discuss the research and science, but also the application and evaluation. For example, we will examine the economic analysis and the life cycle assessment. The student choosing the paper will be expected to lead the discussion after a small lecture. The others will provide a summary of each paper possibly with additional sources.
	BEE 6590 - [Biosensors and Bioanalytical Techniques] Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisites: biochemistry course and permission of instructor. A. J. Baeumner. Provides students with an understanding of the scientific and engineering principles of biosensors and bioanalytical techniques. Addresses selected topics from simple home pregnancy style tests to nanofabricated lab-on-a-chip devices. Biosensor and lab-on-a-chip device applications in environmental analysis, food safety, and medical diagnostics are explored. The class is designed to be highly interactive, seeks student participation via frequent discussion sessions. Students also give oral presentations, practice in-depth literature source evaluations, analyze biosensors published in literature and theoretically design a biosensor based on criteria discussed in class. BEE 6590 students work independtly on individual biosensor projects.
	BEE 6740 - Ecohydrology Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: ecology or hydrology course. Offered alternate years. M. T. Walter. The objective of this course is to investigate novel topics that involve the interactions between physical hydrological processes and ecosystem processes, including the impacts of human activities on the ecohydrological system. The course is designed to encourage teams of students from historically disparate disciplines to collaboratively combine their unique skills and insights to answer multidisciplinary ecohydrological questions. This course will consider a broad range scales from a stomate and a soil pore to a forest, watershed, and region, with emphasis placed on those scales and systems most appropriate to student interests. Through course work we will clarify the current understanding of various topics, identify knowledge gaps, develop hypotheses, and test them quantitatively by creating models and analyzing available data. The goal of this course is to identify the basic principles of ecohydrology and become familiar and comfortable with a range of quantitative tools and approaches for answering ecohydrological questions.
	BEE 6870 - The Science and Engineering Challenges to the Development of Sustainable Bio-Based Industries Fall. 1 credit. Letter grades only. Enrollment limited to: graduate standing. L. P. Walker. Environmentally sustainable alternatives for our energy and chemical needs are critical. This seminar series explores challenges facing the development of industries that use biologically derived materials to produce useful chemicals and energy for society. Topics include natural products from biological systems, conversion of biomass to fuel and other commodities, and the use of biological systems for environmental bioremediation.
	BEE 6880 - Applied Modeling and Simulation for Renewable Energy Systems Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Enrollment limited to: senior in engineering, graduate standing, or permission of instructor. Co-meets with BEE 4880 . C. L. Anderson. This course will provide an applied introduction to modeling, simulation and optimization techniques for various renewable energy systems. The course will be modular in nature. Each module will focus on a particular renewable energy application and relevant modeling/simulation tools. Some modules are independent and some will build on previous modules. The instructional format of the course will include lectures, scientific paper reviews, and some Matlab programming. Students will have an opportunity to apply new techniques to a relevant modeling project. The course will culminate with a modeling project relevant to renewable energy. Graduate students will be required to complete the term project on an individual basis.
	BEE 6940 - Graduate Special Topics in Biological and Environmental Engineering Fall, spring. 1-4 credits, variable. Staff. The department teaches “trial” courses under this number. Offerings vary by semester and are advertised by the department. Courses offered under this number will be approved by the department curriculum committee, and the same course is not offered more than twice under this number. Each 6940 has a unique course ID number.
	BEE 6970 - Graduate Individual Study in Biological and Environmental Engineering Fall, spring. 1-6 credits, variable. Permission of instructor required. Staff. Topics are arranged by the faculty at the beginning of the semester.
	BEE 7000 - Orientation to Graduate Study Fall. (Seven weeks) 1 credit. S-U grades only. Enrollment is limited to: new graduate students in BEE. J. C. March. Introduction to BEE research policy, programs, methodology, resources, and degree candidates’ responsibilities and opportunities including those for fellowship funding.
	BEE 7540 - Water Management in an Era of Growing Water Scarcity (crosslisted) (also IARD 7540 ) Spring. 2-3 credits, variable. Enrollment limited to: graduate standing or permission of instructors. T. S. Steenhuis, G. Holst-Warhaft, G. Levine, R. Barker. Scarcity of water might be well overtake climate change as the main issue limiting future development. In fact in many water-short areas in the world, such as the Mediterranean, much of Sub-Saharan Africa, and India, it is already a main cause of the prevailing poverty. Management of water in water scarce regions demands tradeoffs between a wide range of goals: preservation or enhancement of the environment, enhancement of social equity, preservation of cultural identity, and economically efficient utilization of water. Water management also requires consideration of a wide range of factors, some physical other socio/cultural, economic, legal, and political. The end result is seldom perfect since the goals are often are in conflict with one another. A principal goal of this course is to identify the specific factors that should be considered in the management of water in different situations and to explore the areas where trade-offs in achieving these goals must be made. The context of this course will be the issues facing the following water-scarce regions: the Mediterranean, the Nile basin and India, and the South-West of the United States with an emphasis on the largest water user - irrigation for food production. This will include discussion of related issues such a land acquisition for food production and virtual water use throughout the world. Students that take this course for 3 credits will be required to submit an extra paper/project.
	BEE 7600 - Nucleic Acid Engineering (crosslisted) (also BME 7600 ) Spring. 3 credits. Enrollment limited to: graduate standing; seniors by permission of instructor. D. Luo. Nucleic acid engineering focuses on manipulating nucleic acid molecules in a true engineering sense as well as in the “genetic engineering” sense by treating nucleic acids (including DNA, RNA, PNA, and TNA) as both genetic and generic materials. Both biomedical and nonbiomedical applications of nucleic acid engineering, including tool kits for nucleic acid engineering and current examples of DNA-based engineering, DNA nanotechnology, and DNA-based medicine, are introduced. Efficient and effective literature reading and evaluation are emphasized. Student presentations are required and frequent. The class also has a project design.
	BEE 7710 - Soil and Water Engineering Seminar Fall, spring. 1 credit. Enrollment is limited to: graduate standing or permission of instructor. T. S. Steenhuis, M. F. Walter, M. T. Walter. Study and discussion of research or design procedures related to selected topics in watershed management, erosion control, hydrology, colloid transport, and water quality.
	BEE 8900 - Master’s Level Thesis Research Fall, spring. 1-15 credits, variable. S-U grades only. Permission of advisor required. Staff. M.S. research.
	BEE 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research Fall, spring. 1-15 credits, variable. S-U grades only. Permission of advisor required. Staff. Ph.D. research.
BENGL—Bengali
	BENGL 1101 - Elementary Bengali I Fall. 6 credits. Letter grades only. S. Mukherjee. For beginners, provides a thorough grounding in conversational, reading, and writing skills.
	BENGL 1102 - Elementary Bengali II Spring. 6 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BENGL 1121 or examination. S. Mukherjee. For beginners, provides a thorough grounding in conversational, reading, and writing skills.
	BENGL 2201 - Intermediate Bengali I (GB) Satisfies Option 1. Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BENGL 1102 or examination. Permission of instructor required. S. Mukherjee. Continuing focus on reading, writing, and conversational skills, this course is designed to advance students’ oral competence and enhance comprehension skills through reading, conversations, and listening.
	BENGL 2202 - Intermediate Bengali II (GB) Satisfies Option 1. Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BENGL 2201 or examination. Permission of instructor required. S. Mukherjee. Continuing focus on reading, writing, and conversational skills, this course is designed to advance students’ oral competence and enhance comprehension skills through reading, conversations, and listening.
	BENGL 2205 - High Intermediate Bengali I Fall. 2 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: Intermediate level proficiency in language and permission of instructor. S. Mukherjee. Gives comprehensive training in oral and written Bengali at a higher level than BENGL 2201 / BENGL 2202 . Oral training covers reading and conversational Bengali expressions on daily life, topics with discussions, and offering opinions as global tasks. Written training includes reviews of current affairs.
	BENGL 2206 - High Intermediate Bengali II Spring. 2 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BENGL 2205 and permission of instructor. S. Mukherjee. Gives comprehensive training in oral and written Bengali at a higher level than BENGL 2201 / BENGL 2202 . Oral training covers reading and conversational Bengali expressions on daily life, topics with discussions, and offering opinions as global tasks. Written training includes reviews of current affairs.
	BENGL 3301 - Advanced Bengali I (GB) Satisfies Option 1. Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BENGL 2202 or permission of instructor. S. Mukherjee. Continuing instruction in Bengali at the advanced level focusing on conversation, interview, and discussion skills.
	BENGL 3302 - Advanced Bengali II (GB) Satisfies Option 1. Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BENGL 3301 or permission of instructor. S. Mukherjee. Continuing instruction in Bengali at the advanced level focusing on conversation, interview, and discussion skills.
	BENGL 4431 - Directed Study Fall. 1-4 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Permission of instructor required. S. Mukherjee. Intended for advanced language study.
	BENGL 4432 - Directed Study Spring. 1-4 credits, variable. Letter grades only. Permission of instructor required. S. Mukherjee. Intended for advanced language study.
BIOAP—Animal Physiology & Anatomy
	BIOAP 2140 - [The Biological Basis of Sex Differences] (crosslisted) (also BIOMS 2140 , BSOC 2141 , FGSS 2140 ) (PBS) Fall. 3 credits. Prerequisite: one college-level biology course or permission of instructor. Next offered 2014-2015. (Offered alternate years) J. Fortune. Examines the structural and functional differences between the sexes. Emphasizes mechanisms of mammalian reproduction; where possible, special attention is given to studies of humans. Current evidence on the effects of gender on nonreproductive aspects of life (behavior, mental and physical capabilities) is discussed. The course is intended to provide students with a basic knowledge of reproductive endocrinology and with a basis for objective evaluation of sex differences in relation to contemporary life. Outcome 1: basic understanding of the regulation of female and male mammalian reproduction and the ability to relate course content to practical areas such as contraception and infertility Outcome 2: appreciation for the process of acquiring new scientific knowledge Outcome 3: understanding of the difficulty of separating biological and cultural influences on non-reproductive sex differences
	BIOAP 3110 - Principles of Animal Physiology (crosslisted) (also BIOMS 3110 , VTBMS 3460 ) (PBS) Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. (S-U grades by permission of instructor) Prerequisite: BIOG 1500 and BIOG 1440 or BIOG 1445 or one year of college biology; one year chemistry and mathematics or equivalent AP credit. Recommended prerequisite: previous or concurrent physics course. E. Loew. General course in animal physiology emphasizing principles of operation, regulation, and integration common to a broad range of living systems from the cellular to the organismal level. Structure/function relationships are stressed along with underlying physico-chemical mechanisms. Outcome 1: Students should be able to rationalize the operation of major organ systems. Outcome 2: Students should understand the organization of multisystem regulatory loops. Outcome 3: Students should be able to derive and understand the basic equations defining the physical operating characteristics of organ systems.
	BIOAP 3160 - Cellular Physiology (crosslisted) (also BIOMS 3160 ) (PBS) Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BIOMG 1350 ; or previous or concurrent enrollment in BIOMG 3300 , BIOMG 3310 and BIOMG 3320 , or BIOMG 3330 . A. Quaroni. A comprehensive course covering the general characteristics of eukaryotic cells; the structure, composition, and function of subcellular organelles; and the major signal transduction pathways regulating a variety of physiological cell activities. Among the main subjects covered are absorption and transport processes, mechanism of action of signaling molecules (hormones), the cell cycle and regulation of cell proliferation, cell-cell communication, extracellular matrix, stem cells, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Outcome 1: deep understanding of cellular and molecular physiology, signal transduction and regulation of cellular growth, principles of cancer biology
	BIOAP 3190 - Animal Physiology Experimentation (crosslisted) (also BIOMS 3190 ) (PBS) Fall. 4 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite or corequisite: BIOAP 3110 . Enrollment limited to: pre-med/pre-vet juniors, seniors, and graduate students interested in biomedical science. E. Loew, N. Lorr, staff. Student-conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments designed to illustrate basic physiological processes, physiological research techniques, instrumentation, experimental design, and interpretation of results. Techniques include anesthesia, surgical procedures, dissection, and real-time computer recording and analysis. Experiments with isolated living tissues or live anesthetized animals examine properties of membranes and epithelia, blood, nerves, skeletal and smooth muscle; cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and reproductive function and their regulation by the nervous and endocrine systems. Outcome 1: understand the role of physical phenomena, including electrochemical gradients and mechanical forces in the physiology of live systems Outcome 2: understand the scientific method including experimental design, formulating and testing hypotheses Outcome 3: know how to work cooperatively in small groups Outcome 4: know how to communicate scientific concepts and experimental results in written and oral form Outcome 5: understand how to use statistics to assess the significance of results Outcome 6: know how to research the published scientific findings and interpret them
	BIOAP 3410 - Biology of the Mammary Gland in Health and Disease (crosslisted) (also ANSC 3410 ) Spring. 2 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: ANSC 1100 or introductory course in human or animal physiology. Y. R. Boisclair. For description, see ANSC 3410 .
	BIOAP 4050 - Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Reproductive Physiology (crosslisted) (also ANSC 4050 ) (PBS) Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: two semesters of college-level biology and introductory physiology (ANSC 1100 or BIOG 1440 and ANSC 2400 or BIOAP 3110 ). S. Quirk. For description, see ANSC 4050 .
	BIOAP 4130 - Histology: The Biology of the Tissues (crosslisted) (also BIOMS 4130 ) (PBS) Spring. 4 credits. Prerequisite: BIOMG 1350 . Recommended prerequisite: BIOMG 3300 , BIOMG 3310 , or equivalent. A. Quaroni. Provides students with a basis for understanding the microscopic, fine-structural, and functional organization of vertebrates (primarily mammals), as well as methods of analytic morphology at the cell and tissue levels. Emphasizes dynamic interrelations of structure, composition, and function in cells and tissues. Outcome 1: cellular organization and function of vertebrate organ and tissues Outcome 2: correlation between cellular composition and tissue function
	BIOAP 4250 - Gamete Physiology and Fertilization (crosslisted) (also ANSC 4250 ) Fall. 2 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: ANSC 2400 or equivalent. Offered alternate years. J. E. Parks. For description, see ANSC 4250 .
	BIOAP 4270 - Fundamentals of Endocrinology (crosslisted) (also ANSC 4270 ) (PBS) Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: animal or human physiology course or permission of instructor. P. A. Johnson. For description, see ANSC 4270 .
	BIOAP 4580 - Mammalian Physiology (crosslisted) (also BIOMS 4580 ) (PBS) Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: BIOAP 3110 or BIOG 1440 with permission of instructor. Recommended for biological sciences majors, pre-med and pre-vet students, and beginning graduate students in physiology, engineering, nutrition, and animal science. Students who do not meet the stated prerequisites must pass a qualifying written examination for admission to the course. Auditors allowed. K. Beyenbach. The course offers a treatment of selected topics in human physiology that emphasizes concepts and a working knowledge of physiology. The first course half surveys biological design and the functional strategies of multicellular animals. Topics include mammalian fluid compartments, homeostasis, and membrane and epithelial transport. The second half examines the mechanism and the regulation of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal systems. Course- oncluding lectures aim to illustrate the integration of systems in the regulation of acid/base balance. Clinical examples of dysfunction will underscore the role of normal function, and some diseases will be traced to the deepest roots of their molecular etiology. Weekly take-home problem sets count 50 percent of the final grade. Outcome 1: students acquire a working knowledge of physiology where they can apply learned concepts to new situations
	BIOAP 4750 - [Mechanisms Underlying Mammalian Developmental Defects] (crosslisted) (also BIOMS 4750 , NS 4750 ) (PBS) Spring. 3 credits. Prerequisite: BIOMG 3300 , BIOMG 3310 -BIOMG 3320 , or BIOMG 3330 (may be taken concurrently). Next offered 2015-2016. (Offered even years) D. Noden, P. Stover. Focuses on the causes of developmental defects and how genetic changes or teratogenic insults disrupt developmental regulatory and metabolic pathways. Outcome 1: Characterize developmental defects at the gross, cellular, biochemical, and genetic levels. Outcome 2: Assess the relative contributions of genetic variations, epigenetic events, and environmental factors in the etiology of developmental defects. Outcome 3: Evaluate the applicability of animal models to our understanding of human developmental defects. Outcome 4: Identify key processes and fundamental principles of animal development, and relate disruptions in these to abnormal outcomes. Outcome 5: Recognize the necessity of integrating information, often incomplete, at multiple levels of organization into a coherent and plausible explanation of a developmental defect.
	BIOAP 4890 - Mammalian Embryology (crosslisted) (also BIOMS 4890 ) (PBS) Spring. 3 credits. Prerequisite: introductory biology. Offered alternate years. D. Noden. Using case-based discussion supplemented by lectures, we explore events that produce mammalian birth defects as a means of gaining insights into the normal process of embryonic development.
	BIOAP 4940 - Special Topics in Animal Physiology Fall, spring. 1-4 credits, variable. Staff. The department teaches “trial” courses under this number. Offerings vary by semester and are advertised by the department before the semester starts. Courses offered under the number will be approved by the department curriculum committee, and the same course is not offered more than twice under this number.
	BIOAP 4980 - Teaching Experience Fall, spring. 1-4 credits, variable. Prerequisite: previous enrollment in course to be taught or equivalent. Permission of instructor required. Note: Arts students may not count this course toward graduation but may, upon petition (one time only) to their class dean, carry fewer than 12 other credits and remain in good standing. This would affect Dean’s List eligibility but not eligibility for graduating with distinction. Limited enrollment. Staff. Designed to give qualified undergraduate students teaching experience through actual involvement in planning and assisting in biology courses. This experience may include supervised participation in a discussion group, assisting in a biology laboratory, assisting in field biology, or tutoring.
	BIOAP 6100 - By Scientific Design: Skill Building for a Career in the Life Sciences Fall. 2 credits. Enrollment limited to: first-year graduate students with permission of instructor. J. Casey, D. Lin, H. Sondermann. This class is designed to prepare first year graduate students for a career in the life sciences. Topics will include grant writing, public presentations, design of experiments, interpretation of data, and literature analysis. Students will also gain practical experience in common techniques used in virology, crystallography, and gene expression. Outcome 1: formulate a properly controlled scientific study Outcome 2: present scientific data in public forums Outcome 3: critically assess scientific literature Outcome 4: develop a grant proposal Outcome 5: write a scientific abstract
	BIOAP 7200 - Animal Physiology and Anatomy Seminar Fall, spring. 1 credit. (May be repeated for credit) Enrollment limited to: graduate students in physiology. R. Davisson. Designed to train graduate students in the field of physiology to become professional scientists. Students are required to give a seminar on their research. Advice and feedback are provided. Throughout the semester, advice is provided on subjects such as preparation of manuscripts, seminars, and grant proposals.
	BIOAP 7570 - Current Concepts in Reproductive Biology (crosslisted) (also ANSC 7570 ) Fall. 3 credits. Prerequisite: undergraduate degree in biology and strong interest in reproductive biology. Offered alternate years. Limited to 20 students. Co-meets with VTMED 6327 . J. E. Fortune, S. Quirk, staff. Team-taught survey course in reproductive physiology/endocrinology. Lectures on male reproductive function, female reproductive function, fertilization and gamete transport, pregnancy, parturition, lactation, aging, reproductive technology. Outcome 1: broad working knowledge of the basics of male and female reproduction in terms of structure, function, and regulation Outcome 2: ability to apply that knowledge to the student’s own research
	BIOAP 7940 - Special Topics in Physiology Fall, spring. 1-2 credits, variable. (May be repeated for credit) S-U grades only. (Letter grades by permission of instructor) Enrollment in each topic may be limited. Staff. Lectures, laboratories, discussions, and seminars on specialized topics.
BIOEE—Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
	BIOEE 1250 - Biology Seminar Fall, spring. 1-2 credits, variable. S-U grades only. Staff. A first-year seminar designed for students with a strong interest in research. Students will interact with faculty while learning to read and evaluate scientific publications on current biological topics. Multiple topics and sections will be offered each semester.
	BIOEE 1540 - Introductory Oceanography (crosslisted) (also EAS 1540 ) (PBS) Fall. 3 credits. Forbidden Overlap: Students may receive credit for only one course in the following group: BIOEE 1540, BIOEE 1560 , EAS 1540 , EAS 1560 . Co-meets with BIOEE 1560 /EAS 1560 . B. Monger. For description, see EAS 1540 .
	BIOEE 1560 - Introductory Oceanography with Laboratory (crosslisted) (also EAS 1560 ) (PBS) Fall. 4 credits. Forbidden Overlap: Students may receive credit for only one course in the following group: BIOEE 1540 , BIOEE 1560, EAS 1540 , EAS 1560 . Co-meets with BIOEE 1540 /EAS 1540 . B. Monger. For description, see EAS 1560 .
	BIOEE 1610 - Introductory Biology: Ecology and the Environment (PBS) Fall, spring, summer. 3-4 credits, variable. Four-credit option involves writing component and a discussion section that meets twice per week. Biological sciences majors must take course for a letter grade. Fall, A. Agrawal, A. Flecker; spring, C. Goodale, A. Power. This course provides an introduction to ecology, covering interactions between organisms and the environment at scales of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Ecological principles are used to explore the theory and applications of major issues facing humanity in the 21st century, including population dynamics, disease ecology, biodiversity and invasive species, global change, and other topics of environmental sustainability. Outcome 1: Students will understand the ecological principles that affect organismal, population, community, ecosystems, and biospheric processes Outcome 2: Students will be able to apply these principles to contemporary environmental problems Outcome 3: Students will be able to analyze ecological relationships for proximate and ultimate causation, and be able to work with multi-level systems interactions. Outcome 4: Students will be able to use basic conceptual and analytical tools to describe complex ecological relationships. Outcome 5: Students will be familiar with a number of experimental and synthetic approaches to analyzing and discovering ecological processes at the major scales of ecological organization. Outcome 6: Students will write and discuss knowledgeably about the ecological dimensions of environmental issues
	BIOEE 1780 - An Introduction to Evolutionary Biology and Diversity (PBS) Fall, spring, summer. (Six-week, eight-week session or distance learning) 4-5 credits, variable. Biological sciences majors must take course for a letter grade. Enrollment preference given to: freshmen, sophomores, and transfer students. Four credits with 3 lec and 1 disc sec per week; 5 credits with 3 lec per week and a Writing in the Majors disc sec that meets twice per week. Students taking 5-credit option read additional materials from primary literature and write essays in place of regular exams. (Students may not preregister for 5-credit option; interested students complete application form on first day of class.) 5-credit option limited to 15 students per sec each semester. 5-credit option is not offered in the summer. Summer distance learning version of the course covers the same material and fulfills the same biology requirements as the on-campus version. Fall and spring: limited to 300 students each semester. Summer: limited to 25 students/sec; minimum of 10. One field trip. Fall, I. Lovette; spring, R. Reed; summer distance learning, E. Balko, K. Zamudio. Considers explanations for pattern of diversity and the apparent good fit of organisms to the environment. Topics include the diversity of life, the genetics and developmental basis of evolutionary change, processes at the population level, evolution by natural selection, modes of speciation, long-term trends in evolution, origin of humans. Outcome 1: Students will understand the underlying causal principles of evolutionary diversification. Outcome 2: Students will be able to apply these principles to understand historical and contemporary evolutionary scenarios. Outcome 3: Students will be able to identify ~100 core taxa in the tree of life, their characteristics, and understand the relationships among them. Outcome 4: Students will be able to use basic conceptual and analytical tools to describe complex relationships within the tree of life. Outcome 5: Students will be familiar with a number of experimental and synthetic approaches to analyzing and discovering evolutionary processes (microevolution) and establishing evolutionary patterns (macroevolution). Outcome 6: Students will write and discuss knowledgeably about the dimensions of evolutionary issues that require decisions in our society.
	BIOEE 2070 - Evolution (crosslisted) (also STS 2871 ) (PBS) Fall, summer. 3 credits. Intended for students with no background in college biology. Does not meet evolutionary biology requirement for biological sciences major. May not be taken for credit after BIOEE 1780 . R. Harrison, G. Graffin. Evolution is the central concept in biology. This course examines evolution in historical and cultural contexts. This course aims to understand the major issues in the history and current status of evolutionary biology and explore the implications of evolution for culture. Issues range from controversies over mechanisms of evolution in natural populations to the conflict between creationists and evolutionists. Outcome 1: Leave every student in the class with a lifelong interest in evolutionary biology. Outcome 2: Enhance the students’ interest in the history of evolutionary biology. Outcome 3: Focus student interest in natural selection (with no purposive language), species, speciation, and ecological background.
	BIOEE 2640 - Tropical Field Ornithology (PBS) Winter. 3 credits. Permission of instructor required. Enrollment primarily for students with limited or no bird knowledge. Offered in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. The group is housed in the Biodiversity Center at Punta Cana. Daily fieldwork, disc, reading, and individual project. One or two field trips are taken to national parks in the Dominican Republic. A. Dhondt. Provides students with the opportunity to study birds intensively in a neotropical environment. Students learn observational and field techniques, participate in group research projects and in daily seminars. See the website for more information. Outcome 1: Students will be able to describe their observations (supported with field sketches), identify observed birds, and place them in the proper taxonomic group. Outcome 2: Students will be able to understand and explain what observed bird behavior means (foraging, aggressive, territorial, reproductive,…) and place it in the relevant ecological context. Outcome 3: Students will be able to ask critical questions about scientific papers, discuss them and summarize their main findings. Outcome 4: Based on their observations, readings and discussions, students will be able to identify an interesting question, formulate appropriate hypotheses, and explain their relevance. Outcome 5: Students will design field observations and experiments required to test hypotheses and carry out the necessary field work. Outcome 6: Students will be able to analyze and interpret the observations, explain and defend their interpretations and conclusions.
	BIOEE 2650 - Tropical Field Ecology and Behavior (PBS) Winter. 4 credits. Letter grades only. Course fee: Students pay separately for their international airfare and there may also be a small supplementary laboratory fee. Permission of instructor required. Enrollment limited to: 15 students. Offered in Kenya, Africa. I. Lovette. Gives students a broad hands-on understanding of tropical biology, ecology, and behavioral ecology. Students gain experience with experimental design and data collection, field methods, basic statistics, interpretation and evaluation of primary scientific literature, and scientific paper writing. Outcome 1: Identify common flora and fauna at the Kenya field site Outcome 2: Understand how to design a study that explicitly tests an a priori hypothesis Outcome 3: Understand how to collect and analyze a diverse range of ecological and behavioral field data Outcome 4: To become accomplished at writing rigorous scientific reports/papers Outcome 5: To be able to explain/present scientific findings verbally Outcome 6: Facility with interpreting the scientific literature in a range of disciplines
	BIOEE 2670 - Introduction to Conservation Biology (crosslisted) (also NTRES 2670 ) (PBS) Fall. 2-3 credits, variable. Three credits includes disc sec, two Sat a.m. field trips, and two essays. Intended for both science and nonscience majors. May not be taken for credit after NTRES 4100 . Completion of BIOEE 2670/NTRES 2670 not required for NTRES 4100 . J. Fitzpatrick. Broad exploration of biological concepts and practices related to conserving the earth’s biodiversity; integrates ecological, evolutionary, behavioral, and genetic principles important for understanding conservation issues of the 21st century. Topics include species and ecosystem diversity, values of biodiversity, causes of extinction, risks facing small populations, simulation modeling, design of nature preserves, the Endangered Species Act, conservation priority-setting, species recovery, ecosystem restoration and management, implications of climate change, and our ecological footprint. Outcome 1: Students will be conversant in the key threats to biodiversity in the 21st century, and how biological principles are being applied in understanding these threats and devising solutions for maintaining species and ecosystems. Outcome 2: Students will learn why preserving biological diversity is important for human well-being. Outcome 3: Students will learn how our most important legal frameworks for protecting biodiversity relate directly to the biology and ecology of organisms. Outcome 4: Students will learn how modern approaches to land management and ecosystem restoration differ from the traditional approaches still practiced by many federal, state, and local natural resource agencies. Outcome 5: Completion of this course provides introductory-level expertise useful for students in fields of study both inside and outside of the sciences, including natural resources, landscape architecture, communication, economics, public policy, and the humanities.
	BIOEE 2740 - The Vertebrates: Structure, Function, and Evolution (PBS) Spring. 4 credits. Prerequisite: two majors-level biology courses. Course fee: $25. Laboratories include dissections of preserved vertebrate animals and noninvasive live animal demonstrations. B. McGuire. Introductory course in vertebrate organismal biology that explores the structure and function of vertebrates with an emphasis on trends in vertebrate evolution. Lectures cover topics such as the origin and evolution of various vertebrate groups, organ systems, thermoregulation, life history, locomotion, and behavior. Outcome 1: Students will be able to describe how the ten major organ systems interact in a vertebrate’s body Outcome 2: Students will be able to identify major anatomical structures in diverse vertebrate species, including cartilaginous and bony fishes, amphibians, mammals, reptiles and birds. Outcome 3: Students will understand major events in the evolutionary history of vertebrates, such as the origin of land vertebrates. Outcome 4: Students will be able to classify vertebrate species to the appropriate major group using correct scientific names, e.g., sharks and other cartilaginous fishes are Chondrichthyes. Outcome 5: Students will be able to look at a living or fossil vertebrate and be able to make logical predictions about its way of life. Outcome 6: Students will understand that different groups of vertebrates have different life histories that impose different conservation concerns and outcomes.
	BIOEE 3500 - Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems in a Changing Ocean (crosslisted) (also EAS 3500 ) (PBS) Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: one semester of oceanography (i.e., BIOEE 1540 /EAS 1540 ), or permission of instructor. Offered alternate years. Co-meets with EAS 5500 . Staff. For description, see EAS 3500 .
	BIOEE 3510 - Conservation Oceanography (crosslisted) (also EAS 3510 ) (PBS) Spring. 4 credits. Letter grades only. Prerequisite: two majors-level biology courses, or permission of instructor. Permission of instructor required. Enrollment limited to: students enrolled in the Cornell University Earth and Environmental Systems Field Program in Hawaii. C. Greene, D. Harvell, B. Monger. For description, see EAS 3510 .
	BIOEE 3610 - Advanced Ecology (PBS) Fall. 4 credits. Biological sciences majors in the EEB concentration must take course for a letter grade. Prerequisite: one semester of calculus and BIOEE 1610 or equivalent, or permission of instructor. S. Ellner, J. Sparks, D. Winkler. This course provides an in depth examination of major ecological fields, including ecophysiology, population and community ecology, ecosystem biology, and ecological modeling. Covers interactions between organisms and the environment on multiple scales. Current ecological research is used to introduce major concepts and methods, derive major ecological principles, and critically discuss their applicability on multiple organizational levels and in various ecological systems. Weekly discussion/lab sections focus on measurement (photosynthesis, respiration, stable isotope methods) and computation (simulation using the R language). Outcome 1: 1.1 Students will be able to read, synthesize and critically discuss contemporary published research in ecology. 1.2 Students will be able to analyze ecological systems in terms of proximate and ultimate causation, and be able to work with multi-level systems interactions. Outcome 2: Students will be able to use basic conceptual and analytical tools for describing and quantifying ecological relationships. Outcome 3: 3.1 Students will be able to quantify mechanisms of resource acquisition and environmental tolerance. 3.2 Students will be able to understand and apply models and conceptual frameworks describing physiological function. Outcome 4: 4.1 Students will be able to understand and use fundamental analytical methods to describe structure and dynamics of populations and communities. 4.2 Students will be able to make predictions about population and community dynamics based on their knowledge about biotic and abiotic factors influencing species interactions. 4.3 Students will be able to integrate their knowledge about species interactions to explain higher level ecosystem processes Outcome 5: 5.1 Students will be able to evaluate differences across ecosystems in terms of differences in rates of metabolism and the relative open-ness of ecosystem cycles. 5.2 Students will be able to critically evaluate data from whole-ecosystem experiments and cross-ecosystem studies. 5.3 Students will be able to analyze some of the complex interactions between global change and ecological structure and function. Outcome 6: 6.1 Students will be able to “read” a model, interpreting its equations as statements about underlying processes and assumptions about system structure and function. 6.2 Students will be able to modify existing models for applications to related systems or alternative scenarios. 6.3 Students will learn to use the R scripting language as an environment for implementing ecological models and studying their behavior.
	BIOEE 3611 - Field Ecology (PBS) Fall. 3 credits. Prerequisite or corequisite: BIOEE 1610 . Limited to 22 students. One weekend field trip. A. Kessler. Exercises designed to give students direct experience with field research to address ecological hypotheses, with emphasis on developing observational skills and basic methods in population and community ecology. Topics include methods in plant succession, niche relationships, influence of herbivores and competitors on plant communities, aquatic food web analysis, use of scientific collections, and presenting research results in written and oral form. We will visit a diversity of habitats and natural areas in Central New York. Students will conduct an independent research project and present their findings. Outcome 1: Students will be able to identify habitat types and characterize habitats based on key structural features and organisms Outcome 2: Students will be able to integrate text book knowledge with field observations, which allows them to formulate and discuss research questions in ecology based on personal observation and scientific theory Outcome 3: Students will be creative about identifying research questions and derive appropriate scientific hypotheses Outcome 4: Students will be able to design and plan experiments and surveys based on scientific hypotheses Outcome 5: Students will be able to conduct field experiments/ surveys and analyze and discuss the results
	BIOEE 3620 - [Dynamic Models in Biology] (crosslisted) (also MATH 3620 ) (MQR) Spring. 4 credits. Prerequisite: two majors-level biology courses and completion of mathematics requirements for biological sciences major or equivalent. Next offered 2014-2015. (Offered alternate years) S. Ellner, J. Guckenheimer. Introductory survey of the development, computer implementation, and applications of dynamic models in biology and ecology. Case-study format covering a broad range of current application areas such as regulatory networks, neurobiology, cardiology, infectious disease management, and conservation of endangered species. Students also learn how to construct and study biological systems models on the computer using a scripting and graphics environment. Outcome 1: Students will be able to “read” a dynamic model, interpreting its equations as statements about underlying processes and the biological assumptions made about the the rates and consequences of those processes. Outcome 2: Students will be able to adapt existing models for applications to related systems or alternative scenarios. Outcome 3: Students will be able to write computer programs (using R or Matlab) to numerically solve low-dimensional matrix equation (deterministic and stochastic), difference equation, differential equation, partial differential equation and agent-based models of biological systems. Outcome 4: Students will be able to use the Pplane software to perform phase-plane analyses of two-dimensional dynamical systems including nullclines, local stability, computing stable and unstable manifolds of saddles, and locating stable and unstable periodic orbits and their basins of attraction. Outcome 5: Students will be able to locate equilibria, compute Jacobians, evaluate local stability through eigenvalue calculations and other linear algebraic methods, and interpret these results in terms of asymptotic system dynamics and bifurcations. Outcome 6: Students will be able to read and understand biological research papers that use modeling as a primary methodology. Outcome 7: Students will be able to formulate meaningful research questions in biology that can be addressed using dynamic models, and will be able to apply the skills learned in the course to answer those questions.
	BIOEE 3690 - Chemical Ecology (crosslisted) (also BIONB 3690 , ENTOM 3690 ) (PBS) Spring. 3 credits. Prerequisite: one majors-level biology course and one semester introductory chemistry for majors or nonmajors or equivalents, or permission of instructor. A University Course - this class highlights cross-disciplinary dialogue and debate. A. Agrawal, A. Kessler, R. Raguso, J. Thaler. Why are chilies so spicy? This course examines the chemical basis of interactions between species and is intended for students with a basic knowledge of chemistry and biology. Focuses on the ecology and chemistry of plants, animals, and microbes. Stresses chemical signals used in diverse ecosystems, using Darwinian natural selection as a framework. Topics include plant defenses, microbial warfare, communication in marine organisms, and human pheromones. Outcome 1: Students will be able to categorize ecological interactions and potential mechanisms by which they are mediated Outcome 2: Students will be able to discuss these mechanisms in light of evolutionary theory and draw conclusions about potential agricultural applications Outcome 3: Students will be familiar with the general structures of organic molecules and the relationship between structure and function Outcome 4: Students will be familiar with a number of analytical, behavioral, and experimental techniques used to analyze chemical compounds that mediate ecological interactions Outcome 5: Students will be able to read and synthesize findings from original scientific research in chemical ecology by studying and discussing the primary literature
	BIOEE 4460 - [Plant Behavior - Induced Plant Responses to Biotic Stresses, Lectures] (crosslisted) (also BIONB 4460 ) (PBS) Spring. 3 credits. Prerequisite: BIOEE 1610 or permission of instructor. Next offered 2014-2015. A. Kessler, R. Raguso. How do plants respond to herbivore attack? What are the molecular, plant hormonal, metabolic mechanisms of these responses? What ecological consequences do these responses have for the fitness of the plants and their attackers? The course provides an overview of the plant’s myriad responses to herbivores and compares them with responses to pathogens. It gives an introduction to the study of induced plant responses in the lectures as well as practical independent and group-intensive work. Outcome 1: Students will understand the ecological, physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant biotic interactions Outcome 2: Students will be able to discuss these mechanisms in the light of evolutionary theory and draw conclusions about potential agricultural applications Outcome 3: Students will be able to broadly apply the four levels of proximate and ultimate causation for the study of biotic interactions in general Outcome 4: Students will be able to use basic conceptual and analytical tools to describe complex behavioral interactions. Outcome 5: Students will be familiar with a number of experimental and synthetic approaches to analyzing and discovering chemical ecological processes including bioassays and chemical and molecular analyses Outcome 6: Students will read and discuss knowledgeably about original studies in the field
	BIOEE 4461 - [Plant Behavior - Induced Plant Responses to Biotic Stresses, Laboratory] (crosslisted) (also BIONB 4461 ) Spring. 1 credit. Prerequisite or corequisite: BIOEE 4460 or BIONB 4460 . Next offered 2014-2015. Limited to 12 students. A. Kessler, R. Raguso. Laboratory course covering topics presented in BIOEE 4460 /BIONB 4460 . Outcome 1: Students will be familiar with a number of chromatographic methods, including liquid and gas chromatography Outcome 2: Students will learn to do enzyme activity assays, including measuring proteinase inhibitor and polyphenole oxidase activity. Outcome 3: Students will be familiar basic methods of measuring plant resistance Outcome 4: Students will be able to plan and conduct insect growth and performance assays Outcome 5: Students will be able to conduct experiments in insect sensory physiology, including GC-EAD Outcome 6: Students are able to independently plan and conduct chemical ecological experiments Outcome 7: Students learn to lucidly present their research findings Outcome 8: Students will translate the methods and ideas covered in class to a terminal field experimental exercise. Outcome 9: Students will be able to statistically analyze their data Outcome 10: Students will learn how to structure and write scientific reports
	BIOEE 4500 - Mammalogy, Lectures (PBS) Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. (S-U grades by permission of instructor) Recommended prerequisite: BIOEE 2740 or BIOSM 2740 . Offered alternate years. J. Searle. Lectures cover the evolution, diversity, functional morphology, behavior, ecology, and biogeography of living mammals. Selective coverage of mammalian fossils, conservation status, domestication, and diseases. Outcome 1: Students will understand the critical differences between mammals and other organisms in all aspects of their biology. Outcome 2: Students will understand the evolutionary origins of mammals. Outcome 3: Students will understand the evolutionary processes that led to the diversification of mammals. Outcome 4: Students will understand the changing fashions in the classification of mammals. Outcome 5: Students will be able to classify mammals to the appropriate major group using correct scientific names, including extinct forms. Outcome 6: Students will be able to define the main biological characteristics of those groups. Outcome 7: Students will understand how humans exploit certain species of mammal and how humans are themselves exploited by particular mammals. They will appreciate how certain species of mammal need conservation following human activities.
	BIOEE 4501 - Mammalogy, Laboratory Fall. 1-2 credits, variable. Letter grades only. (S-U grades by permission of instructor) Prerequisite or corequisite: BIOEE 4500 . Course fee: $30. Offered alternate years. Enrollment limited to: 20 students. Travel to Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates (CUMV) at the Laboratory of Ornithology is necessary. Some laboratories involve studies of skeletons and museum specimens; dissection of both preserved and fresh material is possible. Techniques relating to the ecology of mammals in the field will be presented; an all-weekend field trip is intended. Normally 1 credit, but up to 5 students in the class may do an additional project for 1 further credit involving field- or museum-based mammalogy. J. Searle. Laboratory topics include the methodology of mammalogy, and the characteristics and diversity of mammals. Focus is on terrestrial mammals of North America. Outcome 1: Students will be able to use the basic techniques of mammalogy as applied in museums, in the field and to captive mammals. Outcome 2: Students will be able to describe the functional anatomy of a mammal. Outcome 3: Students will be able to look at different types of mammal, identify them to major groups and be able to make logical predictions about their ways of life and how they may have evolved. Outcome 4: Students in the 2-credit option will be able to execute all stages of a research project, including experimental design, data collection, analysis, interpretation in the light of existing literature, and write-up.
	BIOEE 4530 - [Speciation: Genetics, Ecology, and Behavior] (crosslisted) (also BIONB 4530 ) (PBS) Spring. 4 credits. Prerequisite: BIOEE 1780 and BIOMG 2800 or equivalents, or permission of instructor. Next offered 2014-2015. (Offered alternate years) Enrollment limited to: 40 students. R. Harrison, K. Shaw. Advanced course in evolutionary biology focusing on the pattern and process of speciation and the nature and origin of behavioral, morphological, physiological, and ecological traits that form the intrinsic barriers to gene exchange. Lecture topics include species concepts and definitions, the history of ideas about speciation, the biological basis of intrinsic barriers to gene exchange, current models for the origin of such barriers, genetic architecture of speciation, rates of speciation. Emphasis is on developing a rigorous conceptual framework for discussing speciation and on detailed analysis of a series of case histories. Outcome 1: Understand phylogenetics, how evolutionary trees serve as a framework for interpreting evolutionary history, and the distinction between gene trees and species trees Outcome 2: Understand basic principles of population genetics and the utility of population genetic analyses in estimating gene flow, inferring selection, etc. Outcome 3: Understand the diversity of species concepts and what they imply. Outcome 4: Understand how gene flow, natural and sexual selection, and recombination operate in natural populations to promote and/or inhibit divergence of populations. Outcome 5: Develop familiarity with basic models of speciation (e.g., vicariance, sympatric, reinforcement, polyploidy). Outcome 6: Develop familiarity with case histories that illustrate the above models. Outcome 7: Understand where and when barriers act in the life cycle of organisms. Outcome 8: Develop familiarity with specific examples of reproductive barriers. Outcome 9: Understand how data are collected and analyzed. Outcome 10: Develop the ability to think critically about data from observation and experiment.
	BIOEE 4550 - [Insect Ecology] (crosslisted) (also ENTOM 4550 ) (PBS) Fall. 4 credits. Recommended prerequisite: introductory biology or permission of instructor. Next offered 2014-2015. J.S. Thaler. For description, see ENTOM 4550 .
	BIOEE 4560 - Stream Ecology (crosslisted) (also NTRES 4560 ) (PBS) Fall. 4 credits. Prerequisite: BIOEE 1610 or permission of instructor. Offered alternate years. Field project with lab papers. One Sat. field trip. A. S. Flecker, C. E. Kraft. For description and learning objectives, see NTRES 4560 .
	BIOEE 4570 - Limnology: Ecology of Lakes, Lectures (PBS) Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. (S-U grades by permission of instructor) Prerequisite: BIOEE 1610 or written permission of instructor. Recommended prerequisite: introductory chemistry. Offered alternate years. N. Hairston. Limnology is the study of fresh waters and other inland, nonmarine environments. This course focuses on lakes and ponds, which are discussed as distinct aquatic environments with clear terrestrial boundaries, and within which ecological interactions are especially evident. In lakes, interactions between organisms are often strong and adaptations easily recognized. Physical and chemical properties of the environment impact organisms in important ways and organisms, likewise, influence physics and chemistry. As a result, lakes provide excellent systems for understanding the links between physical (thermal and mixing), chemical (dissolved elements and compounds), and organismal dynamics. Lakes are exciting environments for study in their own right and for gaining perspective on ecological and evolutionary processes in general. Outcome 1: Students will understand how lakes with different basin shapes are formed, how basin shape and lake situation in the landscape and air-scape influence physical water movement and the distribution of chemicals and organisms. Outcome 2: Students will be able to use knowledge of the physical and chemical dynamics of lakes discussed in class to infer the dynamics of lakes that are different in basin shape or situation in the landscape. Outcome 3: Students will understand how the viscosity of water determines the nature of interactions among organisms through competition, predation and parasitism. Outcome 4: Students will be able to interpret equations and graphs and will be able to use them to explain the outcomes of ecological interactions among organisms in lakes. Outcome 5: Students will be able to assemble the components of lake ecosystems into a coherent understanding of how the parts interact. Outcome 6: Students will be able to assess the effects of human impacts on lake organisms and ecosystems, to understand the ecological processes underlying those effects, and to explain possible mitigation management actions. Outcome 7: Students will appreciate lakes as exemplars of ecosystems more generally and will understand how the interspecific interactions that take place in lakes provide models for understanding ecology more broadly. Outcome 8: Students will be familiar with experimental and synthetic approaches to gaining knowledge about lake dynamics.
	BIOEE 4571 - [Limnology: Ecology of Lakes, Laboratory] Fall. 2 credits. Letter grades only. (S-U grades by permission of instructor) Prerequisite or corequisite: BIOEE 4570 . Fee for food on field trip: $15. Next offered 2014-2015. (Offered alternate years) One weekend field trip. Optional vertebrate dissection (fish) during one laboratory exercise and during a portion of the weekend field trip. N. Hairston, staff. Laboratories and field trips devoted to studies of the biological, chemical, and physical properties of lakes and other freshwater environments. Exercises focus on understanding the freshwater environment, on experimentation, and on understanding ecological processes within lakes. Outcome 1: Students will have direct experience with the kinds of data that can be collected to address scientific questions and hypotheses directed at understanding the nature of the environments. Outcome 2: Students will use modern equipment and procedures to collect samples from lakes and laboratory experiments, and carry out the analyses necessary to obtain numerical data. Outcome 3: Develop the ability to use microscopes and identification keys to determine what an organism is. Identify ecologically relevant parts of organisms (e.g., algal cell-types, consumer feeding appendages). Outcome 4: Students will be able to assemble the components of lake ecosystems into a coherent understanding of how the parts interact. Outcome 5: Students will be able to assess the effects of human impacts on lakes.
	BIOEE 4580 - [Community Ecology] (PBS) Spring. 4 credits. Prerequisite: BIOEE 1610 , BIOEE 1780 , or permission of instructor. A. Agrawal, M. Geber. Intersection between ecology and evolution of species interactions. Covers historical and current views on community structure and diversity. Topics include impacts of species interactions on ecology and evolution of community players, multispecies webs, and natural selection in complex communities. Approach is empirical and methodological. Outcome 1: Students will understand the mechanisms and outcomes of community interactions Outcome 2: Students will be able to discuss these mechanisms in a broad context, extending to various biomes and organisms Outcome 3: Students will be able to broadly apply the principles of evolutionary biology (variation, inheritance, fitness, speciation) to understand mechanisms and outcomes of community interactions Outcome 4: Students will be familiar with a number of observational, experimental, and synthetic approaches to analyzing community ecological data Outcome 5: Students will read and discuss knowledgeably original studies in community ecology
	BIOEE 4620 - [Marine Ecosystem Sustainability] (crosslisted) (also EAS 4620 ) (PBS) Fall. 3 credits. Letter grades only. (S-U grades by permission of instructor) Prerequisite: BIOEE 1610 . Next offered 2014-2015. (Offered alternate years) Enrollment limited to: 50 students. Co-meets with EAS 5620 . D. Harvell, C. Greene. Lectures and discussion focus on current research in marine ecosystems with an emphasis on processes unique to marine systems and current issues of ocean sustainability. A synthetic treatment of multiple levels of organization in the ocean including organismal, population, community, and ecosystems. Examples are drawn from all types of marine habitats, including polar seas, temperate coastal waters, and tropical coral reefs. Outcome 1: Students understand how coral reefs work. Outcome 2: Students understand how microorganisms structure habitats. Outcome 3: Students understand role of major pelagic species. Outcome 4: Students can read and discuss a research paper. Outcome 5: Students understand oceanographic processes. Outcome 6: Students understand biological/ecological processes. Outcome 7: Students prepare by reading scientific papers and then produce their own research proposal.
	BIOEE 4640 - Macroevolution (PBS) Spring. 4 credits. Letter grades only. (S-U grades by permission of instructor) Prerequisite: BIOEE 1780 or permission of instructor. Offered alternate years. Intended for juniors, seniors, and beginning graduate students; freshmen and sophomores with permission of instructor. Interested graduate students strongly encouraged to preregister. Limited to 35 students. A. McCune. Advanced course in evolutionary biology centered on large-scale features of evolution. Areas of emphasis include phylogeny reconstruction, patterns and processes of speciation, the origin of evolutionary novelty, causes of major evolutionary transitions, and patterns of diversification and extinction in the fossil record. Discussion of these problems involves data and approaches from genetics, morphology, systematics, paleobiology, development, and ecology. Outcome 1: Students will understand how morphological and molecular data are used to reconstruct the history of life. Outcome 2: Students will be able to use their understanding of phylogenetic trees to analyze the evolution of characteristics of all kinds. Outcome 3: Students will be able to think critically about the relative roles of natural selection, speciation, and extinction in determining the large scale patterns of biotic evolution over geological time. Outcome 4: Students will augment their understanding of evolution by natural selection with an appreciation for the role of developmental processes in generating evolutionary novelties and forming the basis for major transitions of evolution. Outcome 5: Students will write synthetically about factors affecting the generation of variation as well as the effects of differential birth and death processes at multiple levels in the biological hierarchy.
	BIOEE 4660 - [Physiological Plant Ecology, Lectures] Spring. 3 credits. Letter grades only. (S-U grades by permission of instructor) Prerequisite: BIOEE 1610 or introductory plant physiology. Limited to 30 students. J. Sparks. Detailed survey of the physiological approaches used to understand the relationships between plants and their environment. Lectures explore physiological adaptation; limiting factors; resource acquisition and allocation; photosynthesis, carbon, and energy balance; water use and water relations; nutrient relations; linking physiology, development, and morphology; stress physiology; life history and physiology; the evolution of physiological performance; and physiology at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. Readings draw from the primary literature and textbooks.

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Course Descriptions

BEE 4750 - Environmental Systems Analysis

BEE 4760 - Solid Waste Engineering

BEE 4800 - [Our Changing Atmosphere: Global Change and Atmospheric Chemistry]

BEE 4810 - LRFD - Based Engineering of Wood Structures

BEE 4840 - Metabolic Engineering

BEE 4860 - Industrial Ecology of Agriculturally Based Bioindustries

BEE 4870 - Sustainable Bioenergy Systems

BEE 4880 - Applied Modeling and Simulation for Renewable Energy Systems

BEE 4890 - Entrepreneurial Management for Engineers

BEE 4940 - [Special Topics in Biological and Environmental Engineering]

BEE 4960 - Capstone Design in Biological and Environmental Engineering

BEE 4970 - Individual Study in Biological and Environmental Engineering

BEE 4971 - Engineers Without Borders Independent Study

BEE 4980 - Undergraduate Teaching

BEE 4990 - Undergraduate Research

BEE 4991 - BEE Honors Research

BEE 4992 - BEE Honors Research

BEE 4993 - Research for Visiting Students

BEE 5010 - Bioengineering Seminar

BEE 5330 - Engineering Professionalism

BEE 5400 - Engineering Ethics and Professional Practice

BEE 5901 - M.P.S. Project

BEE 5902 - M.P.S. Project

BEE 5951 - Master of Engineering Design Project

BEE 5952 - Master of Engineering Design Project

BEE 6430 - Veterinary Perspectives on Pathogen Control in Animal Manure

BEE 6470 - Water Transport in Plants

BEE 6490 - [Solute Transport in Plants]

BEE 6550 - Biologically Inspired Microsystems Engineering

BEE 6570 - Mixed-Culture Engineered Systems: Bioenergy and Microbial Ecology

BEE 6580 - [Biofuels Topics]

BEE 6590 - [Biosensors and Bioanalytical Techniques]

BEE 6740 - Ecohydrology

BEE 6870 - The Science and Engineering Challenges to the Development of Sustainable Bio-Based Industries

BEE 6880 - Applied Modeling and Simulation for Renewable Energy Systems

BEE 6940 - Graduate Special Topics in Biological and Environmental Engineering

BEE 6970 - Graduate Individual Study in Biological and Environmental Engineering

BEE 7000 - Orientation to Graduate Study

BEE 7540 - Water Management in an Era of Growing Water Scarcity

BEE 7600 - Nucleic Acid Engineering

BEE 7710 - Soil and Water Engineering Seminar

BEE 8900 - Master’s Level Thesis Research

BEE 9900 - Doctoral-Level Thesis Research

BENGL 1101 - Elementary Bengali I

BENGL 1102 - Elementary Bengali II

BENGL 2201 - Intermediate Bengali I

BENGL 2202 - Intermediate Bengali II

BENGL 2205 - High Intermediate Bengali I

BENGL 2206 - High Intermediate Bengali II

BENGL 3301 - Advanced Bengali I

BENGL 3302 - Advanced Bengali II

BENGL 4431 - Directed Study

BENGL 4432 - Directed Study

BIOAP 2140 - [The Biological Basis of Sex Differences]

BIOAP 3110 - Principles of Animal Physiology

BIOAP 3160 - Cellular Physiology

BIOAP 3190 - Animal Physiology Experimentation

BIOAP 3410 - Biology of the Mammary Gland in Health and Disease

BIOAP 4050 - Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Reproductive Physiology

BIOAP 4130 - Histology: The Biology of the Tissues

BIOAP 4250 - Gamete Physiology and Fertilization

BIOAP 4270 - Fundamentals of Endocrinology

BIOAP 4580 - Mammalian Physiology

BIOAP 4750 - [Mechanisms Underlying Mammalian Developmental Defects]

BIOAP 4890 - Mammalian Embryology

BIOAP 4940 - Special Topics in Animal Physiology

BIOAP 4980 - Teaching Experience

BIOAP 6100 - By Scientific Design: Skill Building for a Career in the Life Sciences

BIOAP 7200 - Animal Physiology and Anatomy Seminar

BIOAP 7570 - Current Concepts in Reproductive Biology

BIOAP 7940 - Special Topics in Physiology

BIOEE 1250 - Biology Seminar

BIOEE 1540 - Introductory Oceanography

BIOEE 1560 - Introductory Oceanography with Laboratory

BIOEE 1610 - Introductory Biology: Ecology and the Environment

BIOEE 1780 - An Introduction to Evolutionary Biology and Diversity

BIOEE 2070 - Evolution

BIOEE 2640 - Tropical Field Ornithology

BIOEE 2650 - Tropical Field Ecology and Behavior