Archaeology (BA)
College of Arts and Sciences
Program Description
Archaeology at Cornell is where the humanities, social sciences, and physical sciences converge, posing questions of both the past and the present. The major in archaeology provides students with grounding in the methods of archaeological investigation and the material record of the human past from the Neolithic to the present. Students can pursue interests in the material world that range from the molecular to the global and are encouraged to experience archaeological discovery beyond the classroom, including in the lab, the museum, and the field. Courses at the 1000 and 2000 level provide students with a general survey of major themes or specific world regions. Upper-level courses hone student facility with fundamental approaches, from dendrochronology to exhibit curation, and core intellectual traditions from Art History, Classics, Anthropology, and Near Eastern Studies, among others.
Academic Standards
Major Declaration Information
- No prerequisite courses are necessary before declaring the archaeology major.
- To declare a major and be assigned a major advisor, students should contact the Director of Undergraduate Studies, Nerissa Russell nr29@cornell.edu.
Honors Program
Requirements for Honors
- Honors in Archaeology is awarded on the basis of the quality of a senior thesis and the student's overall academic record.
- The Honors criteria described here will start for all graduates in the 2026-2027 academic year.
- Requirements for prospective honors students include:
- 3.5 GPA in the major
- 3.0 GPA overall
- Senior thesis
- During the senior year, students enroll in ARKEO 4981 Honors Thesis Research and ARKEO 4982 Honors Thesis Write-Up .
- Both courses are offered in the fall and spring. Only ARKEO 4981 may count toward hours for completion of the archaeology major requirements requirements (up to the degree maximum of 4 of the 32 required credit hours from independent study courses). The credit hours for these courses are variable.
- Students applying for honors should consult with the Director of Undergraduate Studies, Nerissa Russell nr29@cornell.edu, before the beginning of their final year.
Program Information
- Program Mode of Delivery: In Person
- Program Location: Ithaca, NY
- Minimum Credits for Degree: 120
Program Requirements
Coursework Requirements
- 32 credit hours of Archaeology courses or related fields
- 16 of the credit hours must be at the 3000-level or above
Notes on Course Credits
- Students select their courses in consultation with their major advisor. In some areas of specialization, intensive language training should be coordinated with other studies as early as the first year.
- To receive credit towards the major, students must receive a grade of C or better within a course.
- A maximum of 4 of the 32 required credit hours can come from independent study courses (e.g., ARKEO 3000 Undergraduate Independent Study in Archaeology and Related Fields, ARKEO 4981 Honors Thesis Research).
Major Distribution Requirements
Students are required to take the following number of courses from different categories within the Archaeology course offerings.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| Required Courses | ||
| One course in Comparative Survey (ARKEO-COS) | 3-4 | |
| Two courses in Theory/Methods (ARKEO-TM) | 6-8 | |
| Minimum of one course in at least two different Regional Concentrations | 6-8 | |
Latin American & Caribbean Archaeology (ARKEO-RLAC) | ||
Mediterranean & Near Eastern Archaeology (ARKEO-RMNE) | ||
North American Archaeology | ||
South, Southeast, and East Asian Archaeology | ||
Special Topics and Thesis | ||
Comparative Survey (ARKEO-COS)
One course required from the list below.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AMST 2751 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| ANTHR 1200 | Ancient Peoples and Places | 4 |
| ANTHR 2201 | Early Agriculture | 3 |
| ANTHR 2245 | Health and Disease in the Ancient World | 3 |
| ANTHR 2729 | Climate, Archaeology and History | 3 |
| ARKEO 1200 | Ancient Peoples and Places | 4 |
| ARKEO 2201 | Early Agriculture | 3 |
| ARKEO 2245 | Health and Disease in the Ancient World | 3 |
| ARKEO 2661 | Ancient Ships and Seafaring: Introduction to Nautical Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| ARKEO 2729 | Climate, Archaeology and History | 3 |
| ARKEO 2750 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| ARKEO 2812 | Hieroglyphs to HTML: History of Writing | 3 |
| ARKEO 3172 | How "Democracies" Die: The Collapse of the Roman Republic | 3 |
| ARKEO 3738 | Identity in the Ancient World | 3 |
| ARKEO 4712 | Staffage: Figures for Scale, 1500-1850 | 3 |
| ARTH 2750 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| ARTH 4361 | Staffage: Figures for Scale, 1500-1850 | 3 |
| ASRC 2750 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| BSOC 2211 | Early Agriculture | 3 |
| BSOC 2245 | Health and Disease in the Ancient World | 3 |
| CLASS 2729 | Climate, Archaeology and History | 3 |
| CLASS 2750 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| CLASS 2812 | Hieroglyphs to HTML: History of Writing | 3 |
| CLASS 3738 | Identity in the Ancient World | 3 |
| COML 2750 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| COML 4711 | Staffage: Figures for Scale, 1500-1850 | 3 |
| ENGL 2950 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| FGSS 2750 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| GOVT 2755 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| GOVT 3172 | How "Democracies" Die: The Collapse of the Roman Republic | 3 |
| HIST 2050 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| JWST 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| LING 2212 | Hieroglyphs to HTML: History of Writing | 3 |
| MEDVL 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| NES 2661 | Ancient Ships and Seafaring: Introduction to Nautical Archaeology | 3 |
| NES 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| NES 2812 | Hieroglyphs to HTML: History of Writing | 3 |
| RELST 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| RELST 3738 | Identity in the Ancient World | 3 |
| ROMS 2750 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| SHUM 2245 | Health and Disease in the Ancient World | 3 |
| SHUM 2729 | Climate, Archaeology and History | 3 |
| SHUM 2750 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| SHUM 2812 | Hieroglyphs to HTML: History of Writing | 3 |
| SHUM 4711 | Staffage: Figures for Scale, 1500-1850 | 3 |
| STS 2812 | Hieroglyphs to HTML: History of Writing | 3 |
| VISST 2750 | Introduction to Humanities | 3 |
| VISST 2812 | Hieroglyphs to HTML: History of Writing | 3 |
| VISST 4711 | Staffage: Figures for Scale, 1500-1850 | 3 |
Theory/Methods (ARKEO-TM)
Two courses required from the list below.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AIIS 4720 | Archaeology of Colonialism and Cultural Entanglement | 3 |
| AMST 3200 | Historical Archaeology: A Global Perspective | 3 |
| AMST 4272 | Archaeology of Colonialism and Cultural Entanglement | 3 |
| ANTHR 2465 | Global Heritage | 3 |
| ANTHR 3200 | Heritage Forensics | 3 |
| ANTHR 3210 | Historical Archaeology: A Global Perspective | 3 |
| ANTHR 3230 | Humans and Animals | 4 |
| ANTHR 3232 | Politics of the Past | 4 |
| ANTHR 3235 | Bioarchaeology | 3 |
| ANTHR 3245 | Across the Seas: Contacts between the Americas and the Old World Before Columbus | 3 |
| ANTHR 3490 | Museum Studies: Histories, Problems, and Practices | 4 |
| ANTHR 3590 | Heritage, History, and Identity in Cambodia | 3 |
| ANTHR 3839 | Archaeology of Ancient Greek Religion | 3 |
| ANTHR 4143 | Ruins of Modernity | 4 |
| ANTHR 4200 | Field Methods in Community-Engaged Archaeology | 3 |
| ANTHR 4227 | Embodiment of Inequality: A Bioarchaeological Perspective | 3 |
| ANTHR 4231 | Fakes and the Authentic: Connoisseurship, Value, and Judgement | 4 |
| ANTHR 4246 | Human Osteology | 4 |
| ANTHR 4254 | Themes in Mediterranean Archaeology | 3 |
| ANTHR 4257 | The Archaeology of Houses and Households | 3 |
| ANTHR 4263 | Zooarchaeological Method | 6 |
| ANTHR 4264 | Zooarchaeological Interpretation | 4 |
| ANTHR 4272 | Archaeology of Colonialism and Cultural Entanglement | 3 |
| ARKEO 2465 | Global Heritage | 3 |
| ARKEO 2620 | Laboratory in Landscape Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 3090 | Introduction to Dendrochronology | 4 |
| ARKEO 3200 | Heritage Forensics | 3 |
| ARKEO 3210 | Historical Archaeology: A Global Perspective | 3 |
| ARKEO 3230 | Humans and Animals | 4 |
| ARKEO 3232 | Politics of the Past | 4 |
| ARKEO 3235 | Bioarchaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 3245 | Across the Seas: Contacts between the Americas and the Old World Before Columbus | 3 |
| ARKEO 3490 | Museum Studies: Histories, Problems, and Practices | 4 |
| ARKEO 3590 | Heritage, History, and Identity in Cambodia | 3 |
| ARKEO 3839 | Archaeology of Ancient Greek Religion | 3 |
| ARKEO 4020 | Designing Archaeological Exhibits | 3 |
| ARKEO 4143 | Ruins of Modernity | 4 |
| ARKEO 4200 | Field Methods in Community-Engaged Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 4227 | Embodiment of Inequality: A Bioarchaeological Perspective | 3 |
| ARKEO 4231 | Fakes and the Authentic: Connoisseurship, Value, and Judgement | 4 |
| ARKEO 4233 | Greek and Roman Art and Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 4246 | Human Osteology | 4 |
| ARKEO 4254 | Themes in Mediterranean Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 4257 | The Archaeology of Houses and Households | 3 |
| ARKEO 4263 | Zooarchaeological Method | 6 |
| ARKEO 4264 | Zooarchaeological Interpretation | 4 |
| ARKEO 4272 | Archaeology of Colonialism and Cultural Entanglement | 3 |
| ARKEO 4670 | Wealth and Power: Political Economy in Ancient Near Eastern States | 3 |
| ARTH 3250 | Introduction to Dendrochronology | 4 |
| ARTH 3590 | Heritage, History, and Identity in Cambodia | 3 |
| ARTH 4231 | Fakes and the Authentic: Connoisseurship, Value, and Judgement | 4 |
| ARTH 4233 | Greek and Roman Art and Archaeology | 3 |
| ARTH 4754 | Themes in Mediterranean Archaeology | 3 |
| ASIAN 3351 | Heritage, History, and Identity in Cambodia | 3 |
| BSOC 3230 | Humans and Animals | 4 |
| BSOC 3235 | Bioarchaeology | 3 |
| BSOC 4227 | Embodiment of Inequality: A Bioarchaeological Perspective | 3 |
| CLASS 3739 | Archaeology of Ancient Greek Religion | 3 |
| CLASS 3750 | Introduction to Dendrochronology | 4 |
| CLASS 4746 | Greek and Roman Art and Archaeology | 3 |
| CLASS 4754 | Themes in Mediterranean Archaeology | 3 |
| CLASS 4757 | The Archaeology of Houses and Households | 3 |
| LA 2620 | Laboratory in Landscape Archaeology | 3 |
| LA 4050 | Designing Archaeological Exhibits | 3 |
| MEDVL 3750 | Introduction to Dendrochronology | 4 |
| MEDVL 4754 | Themes in Mediterranean Archaeology | 3 |
| NES 2565 | Global Heritage | 3 |
| NES 3204 | Heritage Forensics | 3 |
| NES 4654 | Themes in Mediterranean Archaeology | 3 |
| NES 4670 | Wealth and Power: Political Economy in Ancient Near Eastern States | 3 |
| NES 4757 | The Archaeology of Houses and Households | 3 |
| RELST 3739 | Archaeology of Ancient Greek Religion | 3 |
| SHUM 3230 | Humans and Animals | 4 |
| SHUM 3490 | Museum Studies: Histories, Problems, and Practices | 4 |
| SHUM 4200 | Field Methods in Community-Engaged Archaeology | 3 |
| SHUM 4231 | Fakes and the Authentic: Connoisseurship, Value, and Judgement | 4 |
| VISST 3590 | Heritage, History, and Identity in Cambodia | 3 |
Regional Concentrations
Students must take a minimum of one course in at least two different regional concentrations.
Latin American & Caribbean Archaeology (ARKEO-RLAC)
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| ANTHR 3255 | Ancient Mexico and Central America | 3 |
| ANTHR 3256 | Ancient Civilizations of the Andes | 3 |
| ANTHR 4216 | Maya History | 3 |
| ANTHR 4220 | Inkas and their Empire | 3 |
| ANTHR 4256 | Time and History in Ancient Mexico | 3 |
| ANTHR 4268 | Aztecs and Their Empire: Myth, History, and Politics | 3 |
| ARKEO 3255 | Ancient Mexico and Central America | 3 |
| ARKEO 3256 | Ancient Civilizations of the Andes | 3 |
| ARKEO 3566 | Art and Architecture of the Pre-Columbian Americas | 3 |
| ARKEO 4166 | Colonial Connectivities: Curating the Arts of the Spanish Americas | 3 |
| ARKEO 4216 | Maya History | 3 |
| ARKEO 4220 | Inkas and their Empire | 3 |
| ARKEO 4256 | Time and History in Ancient Mexico | 3 |
| ARKEO 4268 | Aztecs and Their Empire: Myth, History, and Politics | 3 |
| ARTH 3566 | Art and Architecture of the Pre-Columbian Americas | 3 |
| ARTH 4166 | Colonial Connectivities: Curating the Arts of the Spanish Americas | 3 |
| LATA 3256 | Ancient Civilizations of the Andes | 3 |
| LATA 3550 | Ancient Mexico and Central America | 3 |
| LATA 3566 | Art and Architecture of the Pre-Columbian Americas | 3 |
| LATA 4166 | Colonial Connectivities: Curating the Arts of the Spanish Americas | 3 |
| LATA 4215 | Maya History | 3 |
| LATA 4250 | Time and History in Ancient Mexico | 3 |
| LATA 4268 | Aztecs and Their Empire: Myth, History, and Politics | 3 |
| LSP 3566 | Art and Architecture of the Pre-Columbian Americas | 3 |
| MEDVL 3566 | Art and Architecture of the Pre-Columbian Americas | 3 |
| RELST 4256 | Time and History in Ancient Mexico | 3 |
| VISST 3566 | Art and Architecture of the Pre-Columbian Americas | 3 |
| VISST 4166 | Colonial Connectivities: Curating the Arts of the Spanish Americas | 3 |
Mediterranean & Near Eastern Archaeology (ARKEO-RMNE)
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| ANTHR 2010 | Archaeology and the Middle East | 3 |
| ANTHR 2285 | Egyptomania? Egypt and the Greco-Roman World | 3 |
| ANTHR 2772 | Body and Spirit in Ancient Egypt | 3 |
| ANTHR 2846 | Magic and Witchcraft in the Greco-Roman World | 4 |
| ANTHR 3839 | Archaeology of Ancient Greek Religion | 3 |
| ANTHR 4659 | The Idea of Biblical Israel | 3 |
| ARKEO 1702 | Great Discoveries in Greek and Roman Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 2010 | Archaeology and the Middle East | 3 |
| ARKEO 2271 | The Aegean and East Mediterranean Bronze Age c. 3000-1000 BCE | 3 |
| ARKEO 2285 | Egyptomania? Egypt and the Greco-Roman World | 3 |
| ARKEO 2433 | The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt | 3 |
| ARKEO 2522 | Drinking through the Ages: Intoxicating Beverages in Near Eastern and World History | 3 |
| ARKEO 2640 | Introduction to Ancient Medicine | 4 |
| ARKEO 2641 | The Technology of Ancient Rome | 3 |
| ARKEO 2661 | Ancient Ships and Seafaring: Introduction to Nautical Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| ARKEO 2668 | Ancient Egyptian Civilization | 3 |
| ARKEO 2688 | Cleopatra's Egypt: Tradition and Transformation | 3 |
| ARKEO 2700 | Introduction to the Classical World in 24 Objects | 4 |
| ARKEO 2743 | Archaeology of Roman Private Life | 3 |
| ARKEO 2772 | Body and Spirit in Ancient Egypt | 3 |
| ARKEO 2846 | Magic and Witchcraft in the Greco-Roman World | 4 |
| ARKEO 3010 | The Archaeology of the City of Rome | 3 |
| ARKEO 3172 | How "Democracies" Die: The Collapse of the Roman Republic | 3 |
| ARKEO 3225 | Archaic and Classical Greece | 3 |
| ARKEO 3550 | Origins of Monotheism | 3 |
| ARKEO 3588 | Archaeology and the Bible | 3 |
| ARKEO 3738 | Identity in the Ancient World | 3 |
| ARKEO 3778 | Pharaohs and Fables | 3 |
| ARKEO 3839 | Archaeology of Ancient Greek Religion | 3 |
| ARKEO 4035 | Cornell's Collection of Greek and Roman Art | 4 |
| ARKEO 4233 | Greek and Roman Art and Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 4351 | Problems in Byzantine Art | 4 |
| ARKEO 4354 | Byzantine Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 4550 | Archaeology of the Phoenicians | 3 |
| ARKEO 4644 | Globalism and Collapse in the Late Bronze Age World | 3 |
| ARKEO 4659 | The Idea of Biblical Israel | 3 |
| ARKEO 4670 | Wealth and Power: Political Economy in Ancient Near Eastern States | 3 |
| ARKEO 4706 | The Poetics of Embodiment: Figurines in the Early Middle Ages | 3 |
| ARTH 2200 | Introduction to the Classical World in 24 Objects | 4 |
| ARTH 2221 | Archaeology of Roman Private Life | 3 |
| ARTH 2240 | The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt | 3 |
| ARTH 3210 | The Archaeology of the City of Rome | 3 |
| ARTH 3225 | Archaic and Classical Greece | 3 |
| ARTH 4035 | Cornell's Collection of Greek and Roman Art | 4 |
| ARTH 4233 | Greek and Roman Art and Archaeology | 3 |
| ARTH 4351 | Problems in Byzantine Art | 4 |
| ARTH 4354 | Byzantine Archaeology | 3 |
| ARTH 4706 | The Poetics of Embodiment: Figurines in the Early Middle Ages | 3 |
| ASRC 2688 | Cleopatra's Egypt: Tradition and Transformation | 3 |
| BSOC 2640 | Introduction to Ancient Medicine | 4 |
| CLASS 1702 | Great Discoveries in Greek and Roman Archaeology | 3 |
| CLASS 2630 | Drinking through the Ages: Intoxicating Beverages in Near Eastern and World History | 3 |
| CLASS 2640 | Introduction to Ancient Medicine | 4 |
| CLASS 2641 | The Technology of Ancient Rome | 3 |
| CLASS 2646 | Magic and Witchcraft in the Greco-Roman World | 4 |
| CLASS 2685 | Egyptomania? Egypt and the Greco-Roman World | 3 |
| CLASS 2688 | Cleopatra's Egypt: Tradition and Transformation | 3 |
| CLASS 2700 | Introduction to the Classical World in 24 Objects | 4 |
| CLASS 2743 | Archaeology of Roman Private Life | 3 |
| CLASS 2770 | The Aegean and East Mediterranean Bronze Age c. 3000-1000 BCE | 3 |
| CLASS 3735 | Archaic and Classical Greece | 3 |
| CLASS 3736 | The Archaeology of the City of Rome | 3 |
| CLASS 3738 | Identity in the Ancient World | 3 |
| CLASS 3739 | Archaeology of Ancient Greek Religion | 3 |
| CLASS 4035 | Cornell's Collection of Greek and Roman Art | 4 |
| CLASS 4670 | Archaeology of the Phoenicians | 3 |
| CLASS 4744 | Globalism and Collapse in the Late Bronze Age World | 3 |
| CLASS 4746 | Greek and Roman Art and Archaeology | 3 |
| CLASS 4752 | Problems in Byzantine Art | 4 |
| GOVT 3172 | How "Democracies" Die: The Collapse of the Roman Republic | 3 |
| HIST 2688 | Cleopatra's Egypt: Tradition and Transformation | 3 |
| JWST 2522 | Drinking through the Ages: Intoxicating Beverages in Near Eastern and World History | 3 |
| JWST 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| JWST 3550 | Origins of Monotheism | 3 |
| JWST 3588 | Archaeology and the Bible | 3 |
| JWST 4550 | Archaeology of the Phoenicians | 3 |
| JWST 4644 | Globalism and Collapse in the Late Bronze Age World | 3 |
| JWST 4659 | The Idea of Biblical Israel | 3 |
| MEDVL 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| MEDVL 4351 | Problems in Byzantine Art | 4 |
| MEDVL 4706 | The Poetics of Embodiment: Figurines in the Early Middle Ages | 3 |
| NES 1602 | Great Discoveries in Greek and Roman Archaeology | 3 |
| NES 2433 | The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt | 3 |
| NES 2522 | Drinking through the Ages: Intoxicating Beverages in Near Eastern and World History | 3 |
| NES 2546 | Magic and Witchcraft in the Greco-Roman World | 4 |
| NES 2610 | Archaeology and the Middle East | 3 |
| NES 2661 | Ancient Ships and Seafaring: Introduction to Nautical Archaeology | 3 |
| NES 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| NES 2668 | Ancient Egyptian Civilization | 3 |
| NES 2688 | Cleopatra's Egypt: Tradition and Transformation | 3 |
| NES 2701 | The Aegean and East Mediterranean Bronze Age c. 3000-1000 BCE | 3 |
| NES 2772 | Body and Spirit in Ancient Egypt | 3 |
| NES 2985 | Egyptomania? Egypt and the Greco-Roman World | 3 |
| NES 3550 | Origins of Monotheism | 3 |
| NES 3588 | Archaeology and the Bible | 3 |
| NES 3778 | Pharaohs and Fables | 3 |
| NES 4351 | Problems in Byzantine Art | 4 |
| NES 4354 | Byzantine Archaeology | 3 |
| NES 4550 | Archaeology of the Phoenicians | 3 |
| NES 4644 | Globalism and Collapse in the Late Bronze Age World | 3 |
| NES 4659 | The Idea of Biblical Israel | 3 |
| NES 4670 | Wealth and Power: Political Economy in Ancient Near Eastern States | 3 |
| RELST 2666 | Apocalypse! | 3 |
| RELST 2772 | Body and Spirit in Ancient Egypt | 3 |
| RELST 3550 | Origins of Monotheism | 3 |
| RELST 3588 | Archaeology and the Bible | 3 |
| RELST 3738 | Identity in the Ancient World | 3 |
| RELST 3739 | Archaeology of Ancient Greek Religion | 3 |
| RELST 3778 | Pharaohs and Fables | 3 |
| RELST 4351 | Problems in Byzantine Art | 4 |
| RELST 4659 | The Idea of Biblical Israel | 3 |
| RELST 4706 | The Poetics of Embodiment: Figurines in the Early Middle Ages | 3 |
| SHUM 4035 | Cornell's Collection of Greek and Roman Art | 4 |
| SHUM 4659 | The Idea of Biblical Israel | 3 |
| SHUM 4706 | The Poetics of Embodiment: Figurines in the Early Middle Ages | 3 |
| STS 2641 | The Technology of Ancient Rome | 3 |
| VISST 4351 | Problems in Byzantine Art | 4 |
North American Archaeology
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| ARKEO 2235 | Archaeology of Indigenous North America | 3 |
| ARKEO 2620 | Laboratory in Landscape Archaeology | 3 |
| ARKEO 2720 | From the Swampy Land: Indigenous People of the Ithaca Area | 3 |
| ARKEO 3210 | Historical Archaeology: A Global Perspective | 3 |
| ARKEO 3248 | Finger Lakes and Beyond: Archaeology of the Native Northeast | 3 |
| ARKEO 4755 | Indigenous Erasure and Resurfacing | 3 |
South, Southeast, and East Asian Archaeology
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| ARKEO 2800 | Introduction to the Arts of China | 4 |
| ARKEO 3520 | Kingship, Nation, and Heritage in Asia | 3 |
Special Topics and Thesis
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| ARKEO 3000 | Undergraduate Independent Study in Archaeology and Related Fields | 1-4 |
| ARKEO 4981 | Honors Thesis Research | 1-4 |
| ARKEO 4982 | Honors Thesis Write-Up | 1-4 |
Fieldwork Requirement
- Students are required to participate in some form of hands-on research experience approved by their advisor and the DUS. Students may obtain research experience through a range of means, including but not limited to traditional fieldwork, curation, laboratory work and more. Students should consult with their advisor about what kind of experience best meets their needs and interests.
- This requirement may be waived in exceptional circumstances; such instances are rare.
- Scholarship opportunities for research and fieldwork: For those students who opt to pursue research that requires travel beyond Cornell, both CIAMS and the College of Arts and Sciences provide funding to reduce or eliminate costs associated with undergraduate participation in extramural fieldwork or other kinds of materials-based research: see further information at archaeology.cornell.edu/funding.
University Graduation Requirements
Requirements for All Students
In order to receive a Cornell degree, a student must satisfy academic and non-academic requirements.
Academic Requirements
A student’s college determines degree requirements such as residency, number of credits, distribution of credits, and grade averages. It is the student’s responsibility to be aware of the specific major, degree, distribution, college, and graduation requirements for completing their chosen program of study. See the individual requirements listed by each college or school or contact the college registrar’s office for more information.
Non-academic Requirements
Conduct Matters. Students must satisfy any outstanding sanctions, penalties or remedies imposed or agreed to under the Student Code of Conduct (Code) or Policy 6.4. Where a formal complaint under the Code or Policy 6.4 is pending, the University will withhold awarding a degree otherwise earned until the adjudication process set forth in those procedures is complete, including the satisfaction of any sanctions, penalties or remedies imposed.
Financial Obligations. Outstanding financial obligations will not impact the awarding of a degree otherwise earned or a student’s ability to access their official transcript. However, the University may withhold issuing a diploma until any outstanding financial obligations owing to the University are satisfied.
Additional Requirements for Undergraduate Students
The University has two requirements for graduation that must be fulfilled by all undergraduate students: the swim requirement, and completion of two physical education courses. For additional information about fulfilling University Graduation Requirements, see the Physical Education website.
Physical Education
All undergraduate students are required to take two credits (two courses) of Physical Education prior to graduation. It is recommended they complete the two courses during their first year at Cornell. Credit in Physical Education may be earned by participating in courses offered by the Department of Athletics and Physical Education and Cornell Outdoor Education, by being a registered participant on a varsity athletic team, or performing in the marching band.
Students with medical concerns should contact the Office of Student Disability Services.
Swim Requirement
The Faculty Advisory Committee on Athletics and Physical Education has established a basic swimming and water safety competency requirement for all undergraduate students. Normally, the requirement is taken during the Fall Orientation process at Helen Newman Hall or Teagle Hall pools. The requirement consists of the following: jump or step feet-first into the deep end of the pool, float or tread for one minute, turn around in a full circle, swim 25 yards using any stroke(s) of choice without touching the bottom or holding on to the sides (there is no time limit) and exit from the water. Students who do not complete the swim requirement during their first year, during a PE swim class or during orientation in subsequent years, will have to pay a $100 fee. Any student who cannot meet this requirement must register for PE 1100 Beginning Swimming as their physical education course before electives can be chosen.
If a student does not pass the swim requirement in their first Beginning Swimming PE class, then the student must take a second Beginning Swimming PE class (PE 1100 or PE 1101). Successful completion of two Beginning Swimming classes (based on attendance requirements) with the instructor's recommendation will fulfill the University's swim requirement.
Students unable to meet the swim requirement because of medical reasons should contact the Office of Student Disability Services. When a waiver is granted by the Faculty Committee on Physical Education, an alternate requirement is imposed. The alternate requirement substitute is set by the Director of Physical Education.
College of Arts and Sciences Graduation Requirements
Undergraduate Degrees
Graduation Requirements for the Bachelor of Arts Degree
Credit Requirement
120 academic credits are required, 100 of which must be taken in the College of Arts & Sciences. 100 credits in Arts & Sciences is a minimum number, as is the 120 credit total. A minimum of 80 credits must be in courses for which a letter grade was received. AP, IB, CASE and A-Level credits count toward the 120 total credits but not toward the 100 A&S credits. Transfer credits for non-transfer students cannot count towards the 100 A&S credits. (See list of courses that do not count as academic credit.)
Residency Requirement
Eight full-time semesters in residence (in person) are expected to complete degree requirements with a minimum of six full-time semesters being required. External transfer students must complete a minimum of four full-time residence semesters.
First-year Writing Seminar (FWS) Requirement
Two courses are required. A 5 on either the AP English Composition or Literature exam, or a 7 on the IB HL English Literature or Language exam will count towards one of these seminars. First-year students should take an FWS during their first semester at Cornell and are required to complete two by the end of their sophomore year.
Foreign Language Requirement
A student must either pass an intermediate Cornell language course at the 2000-level or above (Option 1) or complete at least 11 credits in a single foreign language at Cornell (Option 2). AP and IB credits cannot complete this requirement, but usually indicate that a student can place into a higher level course. Note: Native speakers of a foreign language may be exempted from this requirement. For a list of language offerings and placement, see Language Study at Cornell.
Distribution Requirement
Must take a minimum of 8 courses of at least 3 credits to fulfill 10 distribution categories. How an individual course is categorized is indicated with the appropriate abbreviation in its course description. It is important to recognize that only courses with the proper designation in the catalog can be used toward fulfilling the distribution requirements in Arts and Sciences. Unless otherwise specified, variable credit courses, including independent study courses, may not be used for distribution credit.
Arts & Sciences Distribution Requirement Categories:
- Arts, Literature, and Culture (ALC-AS)
- Biological Sciences (BIO-AS)
- Ethics and the Mind (ETM-AS)
- Global Citizenship (GLC-AS)
- Historical Analysis (HST-AS)
- Physical Sciences (PHS-AS)
- Social Difference (SCD-AS)
- Social Sciences (SSC-AS)
- Statistics and Data Science (SDS-AS)
- Symbolic and Mathematical Reasoning (SMR-AS)
To review distribution requirement definitions and course lists, please visit the College of Arts and Sciences Distribution Requirement List section of this catalog.
Major Requirement
Students must complete the requirements for at least one major in A&S. See individual major listings for major requirements.
Policies on Applying Cornell and Non-Cornell Courses and Credits to Distribution Requirements
Restrictions on Applying AP/Test Credit and Courses from Other Institutions to the Distribution Requirements
- Students may not apply AP/test credit or transfer credit from another institution to the distribution requirements.
- Students who transfer to the college from another institution are under the above rules for advanced placement credit, but are eligible to have credit for post–high school course work taken during regular full-time semesters (not summer terms) at their previous institution count toward all distribution requirements. Transfer students receive a detailed credit evaluation when they are accepted for admission.
Restrictions on Applying Cornell Courses to the Distribution Requirements
- First-year writing seminars and ENGL 2860 Creative, Lyric, and Expository Writing or ENGL 2880 Expository Writing taken to satisfy a first-year writing seminar requirement may not count toward any other college or major requirement.
- Only courses with the proper designation in the Courses of Study can be used toward fulfilling the distribution requirements in Arts and Sciences.
- Students may not petition to change the category of any given course, nor may any faculty member change the category of a course for an individual student. Faculty members wishing to change the category for a course in which they are the primary instructor must petition the Educational Policy Committee for a change in category. If granted, the new category must be applied to the course as a whole and not for an individual student.
Courses That May Fulfill More Than One Requirement
- A course may fulfill more than one college requirement in any of the following situations:
- A course may be used to fulfill distribution and a major requirement (except if prohibited by one of the restrictions noted on applying AP/test credit, transfer credit, and Cornell courses to distribution requirements).
- A course may satisfy a maximum of two distribution categories. Students can only double-count distribution requirements on a maximum of two courses.
- A one-semester course in foreign literature (not language) or culture that is acceptable for certifying Option 1 in that language may also be applied to the relevant distribution requirement.
- Courses may count toward any other requirement except first-year writing seminars.
Credit Requirement
Credits and Courses
Students must earn a minimum of 120 academic credits (which may include AP/test credits). Of the 120, a minimum of 100 must be from courses taken in the College of Arts and Sciences at Cornell.
Courses that do not count toward the 120 credits required for the degree
The College of Arts and Sciences does not grant credit toward the degree for every course offered by the university. Courses in service as a teaching assistant, physical education, remedial or developmental training, precalculus mathematics, supplemental science and mathematics, offered by the Learning Strategies Center, and English as a second language are among those for which degree credit is not awarded. Students can view the list of courses that do not count for academic credit here.
Other cases in which a course may not receive credit include the following:
- A course identified as a prerequisite for a subsequent course may not be taken for credit once a student completes that subsequent course.
- A repeated course. (For more information, see "Repeating courses," below.)
- A "forbidden overlap," that is, a course with material that significantly overlaps with material in a course a student has already taken. Students should consult the list of Forbidden Overlaps for more information.
Courses that count toward the 100 required Arts and Sciences credits
May include liberal arts courses approved for study abroad during a semester or academic year of full-time study (not summer abroad study), courses taken in certain off-campus Cornell residential programs, and a maximum of three courses that majors may accept from other colleges at Cornell as fulfilling major requirements. A&S courses taken in Cornell's summer session may count towards the 100 A&S credits.
Courses that do not count toward the 100 required Arts and Sciences credits
Include credits earned in other colleges at Cornell (except in the cases specifically noted in this section), transfer credits earned in any subject at institutions other than Cornell, and advanced placement/test credits. AP/test credits count as part of the 120 credits required for the degree but not as part of the 100 Arts and Sciences credits and may not be applied to distribution requirements. AP credits are posted on the transcript. If, subsequently, a student takes the course out of which they had placed, the AP credit will be removed because of the overlap in content. Students may use up to 12 credits of college approved ROTC courses as electives counting towards the 120 degree credits.
Repeating Courses
Students occasionally need to repeat courses. Some courses, such as independent study, some music and performance courses, and specific topical seminars, in which content is significantly different, do grant credit when the course is taken more than once. For all repeated courses, both grades appear on the transcript and are included in both the term and cumulative GPA. For repeated courses that do not grant credit more than once, only one instance counts toward degree credits and requirements.
Residency Requirement
The College of Arts & Sciences is a residential community and students typically spend eight semesters of full-time study in residence to earn the B.A. degree.
The completion of a fall or spring term as a full-time registered student at Cornell counts as a semester in residence. Summer and winter terms at Cornell, study in Cornell's School of Continuing Education and at other institutions do not count as semesters of residence.
The residency requirement has two components: a minimum number of semesters in residence and a requirement to spend the last full-time semester of study in residence.
Students matriculating into the College of Arts & Sciences as first-year students must have a minimum of six semesters in residence before graduating. First-year matriculants into A&S can count up to two semesters in an approved off-campus program as semesters in residence. Approved off-campus programs include A&S approved study abroad programs, Cornell in Washington, Cornell in Rome, Cornell in Los Angeles, and the Cornell-China & Asia-Pacific Studies (CAPS) Program.
Students who transfer into the College of Arts & Sciences after matriculating in their first-year in another Cornell college (internal transfers) must have a minimum of six semesters in residence, and a minimum of two semesters in the College of Arts and Sciences before graduating. Internal transfers can count up to two semesters in an approved off-campus program as semesters in residence.
Students who transfer into Cornell from another institution (external transfers) must have a minimum of four semesters in residence, and a minimum of two semesters in the College of Arts & Sciences, before graduating. External transfers can count up to one semester in an approved off-campus program as a semester in residence.
In addition to the minimum number of semesters in residence, all students must complete their final full-time semester of study (i.e., the last semester in which at least 9 academic credits are needed to meet graduation requirements) in residence. Students who have fewer than 9 credits to complete degree requirements, and have met the minimum number of semesters residency requirement, may elect to complete their degree requirements during Cornell summer and winter terms registered as an A&S student or at another institution with approved transfer credit. Students cannot meet final degree requirements registered as an extramural student at Cornell.
Exceptions to the residence requirement are not petitionable.
Foreign Language Requirement
The faculty considers competence in a foreign language essential for an educated person. Studying a language other than one's own helps students understand the dynamics of language, our fundamental intellectual tool, and enables students to understand another culture. The sooner a student acquires this competence, the sooner it will be useful. Hence, work toward the foreign language requirement should be undertaken in the first two years. Students postponing the language requirement for junior and senior years risk not graduating on time. Courses in foreign languages and/or literature are taught in the College of Arts and Sciences by the following departments: Africana Studies and Research Center, Asian Studies, Classics, Comparative Literature, German Studies, Linguistics, Near Eastern Studies, and Romance Studies. For a list of languages and placement see Language Study at Cornell.
The language requirement may be satisfied in one of the following ways:
Option 1 (FLOPI-AS)
Passing (a) a non-introductory foreign language course of 3 or more credits at Cornell at the 2000-level or above or (b) any other non-introductory course at the 2000-level or above conducted in a foreign language at Cornell. These courses are labeled in the roster with the distribution code FLOPI-AS (Foreign Language Option 1).
OR
Option 2
Passing at least 11 credits of study in a single foreign language (taken in the appropriate sequence) at Cornell.
Any exceptions to these rules will be noted elsewhere in individual department descriptions.
Students whose speaking, reading, and writing competence in a language other than English is at the same level we would expect our entering first-year students to have in English (as shown by completing high school in that language or by special examination during their first year here at Cornell) are exempt from the college's language requirement.
Major Requirement
Most departments and programs specify certain prerequisites for admission to the major; they are found on the pages for each department and program available at Degree Programs.
Students may apply for acceptance into the major as soon as they have completed the prerequisites and are confident of their choice. This may be as early as the second semester of their first year, and must be no later than the end of the second semester of sophomore year. A student without a major at the beginning of the junior year is not making satisfactory progress toward the degree and risks not being allowed to continue in the college. Undeclared first-term juniors must file a Late Declaration of Major form with Student Services and may be placed on a leave of absence during their junior year if they have not yet declared a major.
Double Majors
Completion of one major is required for graduation. Some students choose to complete more than one major. No special permission or procedure is required; students simply become accepted into multiple majors and are assigned to an advisor in each department. All completed majors are posted on the official transcript. Students are not allowed to continue their studies past their eighth semester to complete additional majors.
Early and Delayed Graduation
Graduating Early
A student may elect to graduate early if they are able to complete all graduation requirements in fewer than eight semesters.
Students must still satisfy the college's residency requirement as part of the graduation requirements. This residency requirement requires that students who are first-year matriculants into Cornell spend a minimum of six semesters in residence, external transfers must spend a minimum of four. To request an early graduation, students must notify the A&S Registrar's Office in KG 17 Klarman Hall or at as-studentservices@cornell.edu.
The earliest a student can request to graduate early and officially change their graduation date is immediately following the pre-enrollment period for their anticipated final semester. The student should have pre-enrolled in the classes required to meet the graduation requirements by the requested graduation date. The student must then complete Part I in DUST and have Part II completed by their major advisor.
Graduating Late: Ninth Term Enrollment
The Bachelor of Arts degree is expected to be completed in eight terms. If degree requirements cannot be completed in eight terms, students may seek permission to continue their studies. Requests will only be granted for students who have found themselves in emergent circumstances beyond their control which have prevented them from completing the degree in eight terms. Requests cannot be made until a student's final expected graduation term and will not be reviewed and approved until after the university drop deadline for that semester. Study beyond the eighth term is not automatically granted for the purposes of changing a major. Such requests must be discussed with a college academic advisor and require registrar approval. Requests to add an additional major or minor will not be approved for study beyond the eighth term.
If approved, students in the ninth and tenth term will be on a conditional status and will have restrictions placed on their enrollment to ensure successful completion of their degree. To request a ninth term, students must have their faculty advisor update Part II for any remaining major requirements. They will also need to submit a study plan to their college advisor listing the specific courses that will meet degree requirements for one major.
Student may elect to prorate credits if enrolling in 9 or fewer credits or take a full-time load if they desire. However, enrollment will be limited to 18 credits for the term so students can focus on their remaining required courses. In the rare case where a student may need to enroll in a tenth term to complete their degree, they will be required to prorate tuition and their enrollment will be limited to only the courses/credits needed for successful completion of one major. Additional enrollments will not be allowed.
Graduation Procedures
Application to Graduate
In the first semester of their senior year, students are prompted by Arts & Sciences Student Services to complete an online application to graduate. The application is intended to help seniors identify problems early enough in the final year to make any necessary changes in course selection to satisfy those requirements. Nonetheless, ensuring graduation requirements are fully met is the student's responsibility and any problems that are discovered, even late in the final semester, must be resolved by the student before the degree can be granted. Students are responsible for checking their DUST reports and transcripts each term and alerting Student Services of any problems with their academic record. To check on their progress in the major, students should consult with their major advisors.
Degree Dates
Cornell has three official degree conferral dates in the year: December, May, and August. Students who plan to graduate in August may attend commencement ceremonies in the preceding or subsequent May. Students graduating in December are invited to a special recognition ceremony in December and may also attend Commencement the following May. All academic work must be complete by the official conferral date in order to receive a degree on that date. Incomplete academic work will result in a later conferral date.