Government (BA)
College of Arts and Sciences
Program Description
The Government major curriculum provides students with a broad range of options for study. Some students specialize in one of our four traditional subfields: American Politics, Comparative Politics, International Relations, and Political Theory. Others develop their own thematic interests by combining courses across subfields, focusing on issues such as democracy, identity, institutions, political economy, conflict studies, or studies of one particular world region (Asia, Europe, or another). Other students take a more different approach, taking different courses across the subfields for a comprehensive introduction to the study of politics. The flexibility of the curriculum is one of the strengths of the Government major.
Academic Standards
Admission to the Major
To be admitted to the major, a student must pass two Cornell government courses.
Honors Program
The Honors criteria described here will start for all graduates in the 2026-2027 academic year. The Department of Government awards Honors in Government to outstanding undergraduate majors who complete the department’s year-long, thesis-based honors program. All Government majors with a 3.8 within-major GPA (not including FWS courses) are eligible to apply. Honors students must complete a research design seminar in the fall and a directed study with their thesis adviser in the spring of their senior year. Theses are evaluated by a committee of faculty for the determination of departmental honors. More information about the honors program, eligibility requirements, and application instructions are available at the Cornell Department of Government website.
Special Academic Options
Brooks School Cornell in Washington DC Connect Program
Government majors may apply to the Cornell in Washington Program which offers students in all colleges an opportunity to earn full academic credit for a semester in Washington, D.C. Cornell in Washington DC Connect is a spring semester or summer program in the heart of Washington, D.C., our nation’s capital. This unique experience offers students in all colleges an opportunity to earn full academic credit for the spring semester or summer. Students take part in small courses led by Cornell faculty, and gain work experience through an internship of their choosing, while living in the Brooks School's residence hall near Dupont Circle. Learn more about the Cornell in Washington DC Connect.
Major Seminars
Fall or spring. 4 credits. These seminars, emphasizing important controversies in the discipline, cap the majors' experience. Thus, preference in admission is given to majors over nonmajors and seniors over juniors. Topics and instructors change each semester. For more information, please visit "Guide to the Undergraduate Major in Government."
Program Information
- Program Mode of Delivery: In Person
- Program Location: Ithaca, NY
- Minimum Credits for Degree: 120
Program Requirements
- All courses used to fulfill Government Major Requirements must be passed with a letter grade of C minus or above.
- Courses with S–U grades cannot be used toward the major.
- First-Year Writing Seminars cannot be used towards the major.
- Students may receive major credit for either GOVT 1615 or GOVT 1616, not both.
- All government coursework applied for major credit must be taken with a government subject code (i.e., GOVT XXXX, not ASIAN XXXX)
- No more than half the total credits can be taken outside of Cornell.
Coursework Requirements
To complete the major, a student must fulfill the below requirements.
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| Required Courses | ||
| Two 1000-level Government (GOVT) courses in the program requirement categories (subfields) of American Government (GOVT-AM), Comparative Politics (GOVT-CP), Political Theory (GOVT-PT), or International Relations (GOVT-IR) | ||
| Introduction to American Government and Politics | ||
| Introduction to Comparative Government and Politics | ||
| Introduction to Political Theory | ||
or GOVT 1616 | Introduction to Political Philosophy | |
| Making Sense of World Politics | ||
| Accumulate an additional 30 credits of government (GOVT) coursework which must include the following: 1 | ||
One Government Seminar course (GOVT-SEM). Course list below. | ||
At least 1 course taken in 3 of the 4 program requirement categories (subfields) of the study of political science: American Government (GOVT-AM), Comparative Politics (GOVT-CP), Political Theory (GOVT-PT), or International Relations (GOVT-IR). Course lists below. | ||
- 1
Only one course at the introductory (1000) level can be counted towards the additional course credits here. First-Year Writing Seminars can not be used. A maximum of three introductory (1000) level courses can be counted towards the major (two from introductory requirements and one from additional course credits).
To summarize: for most students, a minimum of 10-12 government courses (amounting to 30 credits plus two intro courses) are required to complete the major. For more information about the government major, please visit our website: government.cornell.edu.
Course Lists
Note: All government coursework applied for major credit must be taken with a government subject code (i.e., GOVT XXXX, not ASIAN XXXX).
American Government (GOVT-AM)
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AEM 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| AEM 3557 | Exceptionalism Questioned: America and Europe | 4 |
| AMST 1115 | Introduction to American Government and Politics | 4 |
| AMST 2012 | September 11 and the Politics of Memory | 3 |
| AMST 2152 | (Im)migration and (Im)migrants: Then and Now | 3 |
| AMST 2162 | US Public Opinion | 3 |
| AMST 3033 | Politics of Public Policy in the U.S. | 4 |
| AMST 3061 | Climate Politics in the US | 3 |
| AMST 3072 | The U.S. Constitution: Crisis, Change and Legitimacy | 4 |
| AMST 3112 | Congress and the Legislative Process | 4 |
| AMST 3121 | Crime and Punishment | 4 |
| AMST 3122 | Democracy | 4 |
| AMST 3141 | Prisons | 4 |
| AMST 3161 | The American Presidency | 4 |
| AMST 3261 | Health Equity, Politics and Policy | 4 |
| AMST 3262 | The US Regime in Comparative and Historical Perspective | 4 |
| AMST 4011 | Diversity, Racism, Democracy | 4 |
| AMST 4021 | American Conservative Thought | 4 |
| AMST 6011 | The American State | 4 |
| AMST 6122 | Racial and Ethnic Politics in the U.S. | 4 |
| ASRC 6022 | Racial and Ethnic Politics in the U.S. | 4 |
| COMM 3189 | Taking America's Pulse: Creating and Conducting a National Opinion Poll | 3-4 |
| GDEV 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| GOVT 1111 | Introduction to American Government and Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 2011 | September 11 and the Politics of Memory | 3 |
| GOVT 2031 | Introduction to Latino-a-x Politics | 3 |
| GOVT 2152 | (Im)migration and (Im)migrants: Then and Now | 3 |
| GOVT 2162 | US Public Opinion | 3 |
| GOVT 2274 | Global Studies Gateway | 3 |
| GOVT 3032 | Politics of Public Policy in the U.S. | 4 |
| GOVT 3042 | The Politics of Technology | 4 |
| GOVT 3061 | Climate Politics in the US | 3 |
| GOVT 3072 | The U.S. Constitution: Crisis, Change and Legitimacy | 4 |
| GOVT 3112 | Congress and the Legislative Process | 4 |
| GOVT 3121 | Crime and Punishment | 4 |
| GOVT 3122 | Democracy | 4 |
| GOVT 3132 | Sanctuary in the Americas: Envisioning a Borderless World | 3 |
| GOVT 3141 | Prisons | 4 |
| GOVT 3161 | The American Presidency | 4 |
| GOVT 3189 | Taking America's Pulse: Creating and Conducting a National Opinion Poll | 3-4 |
| GOVT 3251 | Health Equity, Politics and Policy | 4 |
| GOVT 3252 | Media, Race, and Political Power in the United States | 3 |
| GOVT 3261 | The US Regime in Comparative and Historical Perspective | 4 |
| GOVT 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| GOVT 3557 | Exceptionalism Questioned: America and Europe | 4 |
| GOVT 3583 | Comparative Public Policy: Political Pathways to Equality | 4 |
| GOVT 3999 | How Do You Know That? | 4 |
| GOVT 4011 | Diversity, Racism, Democracy | 4 |
| GOVT 4021 | American Conservative Thought | 4 |
| GOVT 6011 | The American State | 4 |
| GOVT 6019 | Introduction to Probability and Applied Statistics | 4 |
| GOVT 6022 | Racial and Ethnic Politics in the U.S. | 4 |
| GOVT 6029 | Advanced Regression Analysis | 4 |
| GOVT 6031 | Field Seminar in American Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 6032 | Political Psychology | 4 |
| GOVT 6089 | Time Series Analysis | 4 |
| GOVT 6129 | Analysis of Natural Experiments | 4 |
| GOVT 6132 | The Politics of Inequality in the United States | 4 |
| GOVT 6211 | Racism and Democracy in American Political Development | 4 |
| GOVT 6223 | Inequality and the Welfare State | 4 |
| GOVT 6241 | American Political Economy in Comparative Perspective | 4 |
| GOVT 6323 | Diversity and Distribution | 3 |
| GOVT 6461 | Public Opinion | 4 |
| ILRGL 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| ILRGL 3557 | Exceptionalism Questioned: America and Europe | 4 |
| LAW 3920 | The U.S. Constitution: Crisis, Change and Legitimacy | 4 |
| LSP 2031 | Introduction to Latino-a-x Politics | 3 |
| LSP 2152 | (Im)migration and (Im)migrants: Then and Now | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3032 | Politics of Public Policy in the U.S. | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3112 | Congress and the Legislative Process | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3161 | The American Presidency | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3189 | Taking America's Pulse: Creating and Conducting a National Opinion Poll | 3-4 |
| PUBPOL 3251 | Health Equity, Politics and Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3583 | Comparative Public Policy: Political Pathways to Equality | 4 |
| SHUM 2011 | September 11 and the Politics of Memory | 3 |
| STS 3042 | The Politics of Technology | 4 |
Comparative Politics (GOVT-CP)
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AEM 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| AEM 3557 | Exceptionalism Questioned: America and Europe | 4 |
| AMST 3261 | Health Equity, Politics and Policy | 4 |
| AMST 6202 | Political Culture | 4 |
| ANTHR 6102 | Political Culture | 4 |
| ASIAN 3334 | Southeast Asian Politics | 4 |
| ASIAN 6647 | Southeast Asian Politics | 4 |
| ASRC 3353 | African Politics | 4 |
| GDEV 3290 | Comparative Politics of Latin America | 4 |
| GDEV 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| GOVT 1313 | Introduction to Comparative Government and Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 2012 | Crime and Policing | 2 |
| GOVT 2264 | Political Violence | 4 |
| GOVT 2274 | Global Studies Gateway | 3 |
| GOVT 2444 | Politics in South Asia | 4 |
| GOVT 2543 | Politics in Central Asia | 3 |
| GOVT 2553 | Inside Europe | 4 |
| GOVT 3251 | Health Equity, Politics and Policy | 4 |
| GOVT 3273 | Politics and Markets | 4 |
| GOVT 3282 | Data Science Applications in Political and Social Research | 4 |
| GOVT 3284 | Democracy, Populism, and Authoritarianism | 4 |
| GOVT 3293 | Comparative Politics of Latin America | 4 |
| GOVT 3313 | Comparative Politics of the Middle East | 3 |
| GOVT 3323 | Western European Politics | 3 |
| GOVT 3353 | African Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 3394 | Politics and History of Southern Africa | 2 |
| GOVT 3443 | Southeast Asian Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| GOVT 3557 | Exceptionalism Questioned: America and Europe | 4 |
| GOVT 3583 | Comparative Public Policy: Political Pathways to Equality | 4 |
| GOVT 3613 | Politics of Sustainable Development in Latin America I | 1 |
| GOVT 3614 | Politics of Sustainable Development in Latin America II | 2 |
| GOVT 3623 | Politics of Sustainable Development in Latin America III | 1 |
| GOVT 3805 | Israeli Politics | 3 |
| GOVT 6039 | Statistical and Computational Models | 4 |
| GOVT 6053 | Comparative Method in International and Comparative Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 6109 | Field Methods | 4 |
| GOVT 6202 | Political Culture | 4 |
| GOVT 6223 | Inequality and the Welfare State | 4 |
| GOVT 6241 | American Political Economy in Comparative Perspective | 4 |
| GOVT 6284 | Culture, Religion, and Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 6294 | Parties, Movements, and Populism: Crises of Democratic Representation | 4 |
| GOVT 6304 | Historical Analysis in Comparative Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 6323 | Diversity and Distribution | 3 |
| GOVT 6353 | Field Seminar in Comparative Politics | 3 |
| GOVT 6354 | Comparative Politics of Developing Countries | 4 |
| GOVT 6443 | Southeast Asian Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 6483 | Authoritarianism and Democracy | 4 |
| GOVT 6594 | Comparative Political Behavior | 4 |
| GOVT 6877 | China and Asian Security | 4 |
| GOVT 7073 | Game Theory I | 4 |
| GOVT 7274 | Research Seminar in Political Violence | 4 |
| HIST 6202 | Political Culture | 4 |
| ILRGL 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| ILRGL 3557 | Exceptionalism Questioned: America and Europe | 4 |
| JWST 3805 | Israeli Politics | 3 |
| JWST 3850 | Comparative Politics of the Middle East | 3 |
| LATA 3290 | Comparative Politics of Latin America | 4 |
| LATA 3612 | Politics of Sustainable Development in Latin America I | 1 |
| LATA 3614 | Politics of Sustainable Development in Latin America II | 2 |
| LATA 3623 | Politics of Sustainable Development in Latin America III | 1 |
| NES 3805 | Israeli Politics | 3 |
| NES 3850 | Comparative Politics of the Middle East | 3 |
| PUBPOL 3251 | Health Equity, Politics and Policy | 4 |
| PUBPOL 3583 | Comparative Public Policy: Political Pathways to Equality | 4 |
| RELST 6284 | Culture, Religion, and Politics | 4 |
| SOC 3310 | Western European Politics | 3 |
International Relations (GOVT-IR)
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AEM 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| AEM 3557 | Exceptionalism Questioned: America and Europe | 4 |
| AMST 2817 | America Confronts the World | 4 |
| ARKEO 3172 | How "Democracies" Die: The Collapse of the Roman Republic | 3 |
| ASIAN 3395 | What is China? | 3 |
| ASIAN 4448 | China, Tibet and Xinjiang | 4 |
| ASRC 3947 | Race and World Politics | 3 |
| ASRC 6885 | Race, Empire, and Worldmaking | 4 |
| CAPS 3857 | American Foreign Policy | 3 |
| CAPS 3967 | What is China? | 3 |
| CAPS 4827 | China, Tibet and Xinjiang | 4 |
| GDEV 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| GOVT 1817 | Making Sense of World Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 2264 | Political Violence | 4 |
| GOVT 2817 | America Confronts the World | 4 |
| GOVT 2847 | Political History of Modern Afghanistan | 3 |
| GOVT 3172 | How "Democracies" Die: The Collapse of the Roman Republic | 3 |
| GOVT 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| GOVT 3557 | Exceptionalism Questioned: America and Europe | 4 |
| GOVT 3617 | Domestic Politics of International Relations | 4 |
| GOVT 3777 | Controversies in Security Studies | 3 |
| GOVT 3857 | American Foreign Policy | 3 |
| GOVT 3867 | International Security and the Causes of War | 3 |
| GOVT 3947 | Race and World Politics | 3 |
| GOVT 3967 | What is China? | 3 |
| GOVT 4827 | China, Tibet and Xinjiang | 4 |
| GOVT 6067 | Field Seminar in International Relations | 4 |
| GOVT 6109 | Field Methods | 4 |
| GOVT 6284 | Culture, Religion, and Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 6817 | The Liberal International Order and Its Discontents | 4 |
| GOVT 6827 | China, Tibet and Xinjiang | 4 |
| GOVT 6837 | International Organization | 4 |
| GOVT 6857 | International Political Economy | 4 |
| GOVT 6877 | China and Asian Security | 4 |
| GOVT 6885 | Race, Empire, and Worldmaking | 4 |
| GOVT 6897 | International Security | 4 |
| GOVT 6907 | International Law and Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 7274 | Research Seminar in Political Violence | 4 |
| GOVT 7777 | Topics in International Relations Research | 4 |
| GOVT 7937 | Proseminar in Peace Studies | 2 |
| HIST 7937 | Proseminar in Peace Studies | 2 |
| ILRGL 3547 | WIM: America, Business and International Political Economy | 4 |
| ILRGL 3557 | Exceptionalism Questioned: America and Europe | 4 |
| NES 2847 | Political History of Modern Afghanistan | 3 |
| PUBPOL 2817 | America Confronts the World | 4 |
| RELST 6284 | Culture, Religion, and Politics | 4 |
| STS 7937 | Proseminar in Peace Studies | 2 |
Political Theory (GOVT-PT)
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AMST 2669 | American Political Thought | 4 |
| AMST 2785 | Civil Disobedience | 4 |
| AMST 3072 | The U.S. Constitution: Crisis, Change and Legitimacy | 4 |
| AMST 3715 | Colonialism and Anticolonialism | 3 |
| AMST 6585 | American Political Thought | 4 |
| AMST 6615 | Disobedience, Resistance, Refusal | 4 |
| AMST 6645 | Democratic Theory | 4 |
| AMST 6865 | Martin Luther King, Jr. | 4 |
| ASRC 6865 | Martin Luther King, Jr. | 4 |
| ASRC 6885 | Race, Empire, and Worldmaking | 4 |
| CLASS 3676 | Ancient Political Thought | 3 |
| CLASS 6857 | Equality | 4 |
| ECON 6910 | Foundations of the Social Sciences | 4 |
| GERST 2655 | Politics in Dark Times | 3 |
| GERST 6875 | Key Works in Political Theory | 4 |
| GOVT 1615 | Introduction to Political Theory | 4 |
| GOVT 1616 | Introduction to Political Philosophy | 4 |
| GOVT 1626 | Black Political Thought | 4 |
| GOVT 2635 | Twentieth Century Political Theory | 4 |
| GOVT 2655 | Politics in Dark Times | 3 |
| GOVT 2665 | American Political Thought | 4 |
| GOVT 2785 | Civil Disobedience | 4 |
| GOVT 3072 | The U.S. Constitution: Crisis, Change and Legitimacy | 4 |
| GOVT 3265 | Power and Freedom: Words, Concepts, Politics | 3 |
| GOVT 3596 | The Politics of Modernity | 3 |
| GOVT 3686 | What Makes Us Human? An Existential Journey Amidst Crises | 3 |
| GOVT 3715 | Colonialism and Anticolonialism | 3 |
| GOVT 3726 | Revolution | 4 |
| GOVT 3736 | Ancient Political Thought | 3 |
| GOVT 3796 | Freedom | 3 |
| GOVT 3805 | Israeli Politics | 3 |
| GOVT 6075 | Field Seminar in Political Thought | 4 |
| GOVT 6122 | Foundations of the Social Sciences | 4 |
| GOVT 6426 | Contemporaries Read Ancients | 4 |
| GOVT 6585 | American Political Thought | 4 |
| GOVT 6615 | Disobedience, Resistance, Refusal | 4 |
| GOVT 6645 | Democratic Theory | 4 |
| GOVT 6686 | Revolution and Counter-Revolution | 3 |
| GOVT 6815 | Political Theory and Aesthetics | 4 |
| GOVT 6836 | Gandhi's Politics | 4 |
| GOVT 6846 | Equality | 4 |
| GOVT 6856 | The Politics of Affect | 4 |
| GOVT 6865 | Martin Luther King, Jr. | 4 |
| GOVT 6875 | Key Works in Political Theory | 4 |
| GOVT 6885 | Race, Empire, and Worldmaking | 4 |
| HIST 2655 | American Political Thought | 4 |
| HIST 3626 | Revolution | 4 |
| JWST 3805 | Israeli Politics | 3 |
| LAW 3920 | The U.S. Constitution: Crisis, Change and Legitimacy | 4 |
| NES 3805 | Israeli Politics | 3 |
| PHIL 1920 | Introduction to Political Theory | 4 |
| PHIL 2945 | Civil Disobedience | 4 |
| PHIL 6909 | Equality | 4 |
| PHIL 6922 | Foundations of the Social Sciences | 4 |
| RELST 6836 | Gandhi's Politics | 4 |
| RELST 6865 | Martin Luther King, Jr. | 4 |
| SHUM 3265 | Power and Freedom: Words, Concepts, Politics | 3 |
| SHUM 6657 | Equality | 4 |
Government Seminar (GOVT-SEM)
| Code | Title | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| AMST 4011 | Diversity, Racism, Democracy | 4 |
| AMST 4021 | American Conservative Thought | 4 |
| ASIAN 4435 | Making Sense of China: The Capstone Seminar | 4 |
| ASIAN 4448 | China, Tibet and Xinjiang | 4 |
| ASIAN 4498 | Asian Political Economy | 4 |
| CAPS 4030 | Making Sense of China: The Capstone Seminar | 4 |
| CAPS 4502 | Becoming a China Hand | 4 |
| CAPS 4827 | China, Tibet and Xinjiang | 4 |
| GOVT 4000 | Major Seminar | 4 |
| GOVT 4011 | Diversity, Racism, Democracy | 4 |
| GOVT 4021 | American Conservative Thought | 4 |
| GOVT 4037 | Making Sense of China: The Capstone Seminar | 4 |
| GOVT 4194 | Asian Political Economy | 4 |
| GOVT 4503 | Becoming a China Hand | 4 |
| GOVT 4827 | China, Tibet and Xinjiang | 4 |
| GOVT 4949 | Honors Seminar: Thesis Clarification and Research | 4 |
| GOVT 4959 | Honors Thesis: Research and Writing | 4 |
University Graduation Requirements
Requirements for All Students
In order to receive a Cornell degree, a student must satisfy academic and non-academic requirements.
Academic Requirements
A student’s college determines degree requirements such as residency, number of credits, distribution of credits, and grade averages. It is the student’s responsibility to be aware of the specific major, degree, distribution, college, and graduation requirements for completing their chosen program of study. See the individual requirements listed by each college or school or contact the college registrar’s office for more information.
Non-academic Requirements
Conduct Matters. Students must satisfy any outstanding sanctions, penalties or remedies imposed or agreed to under the Student Code of Conduct (Code) or Policy 6.4. Where a formal complaint under the Code or Policy 6.4 is pending, the University will withhold awarding a degree otherwise earned until the adjudication process set forth in those procedures is complete, including the satisfaction of any sanctions, penalties or remedies imposed.
Financial Obligations. Outstanding financial obligations will not impact the awarding of a degree otherwise earned or a student’s ability to access their official transcript. However, the University may withhold issuing a diploma until any outstanding financial obligations owing to the University are satisfied.
Additional Requirements for Undergraduate Students
The University has two requirements for graduation that must be fulfilled by all undergraduate students: the swim requirement, and completion of two physical education courses. For additional information about fulfilling University Graduation Requirements, see the Physical Education website.
Physical Education
All undergraduate students are required to take two credits (two courses) of Physical Education prior to graduation. It is recommended they complete the two courses during their first year at Cornell. Credit in Physical Education may be earned by participating in courses offered by the Department of Athletics and Physical Education and Cornell Outdoor Education, by being a registered participant on a varsity athletic team, or performing in the marching band.
Students with medical concerns should contact the Office of Student Disability Services.
Swim Requirement
The Faculty Advisory Committee on Athletics and Physical Education has established a basic swimming and water safety competency requirement for all undergraduate students. Normally, the requirement is taken during the Fall Orientation process at Helen Newman Hall or Teagle Hall pools. The requirement consists of the following: jump or step feet-first into the deep end of the pool, float or tread for one minute, turn around in a full circle, swim 25 yards using any stroke(s) of choice without touching the bottom or holding on to the sides (there is no time limit) and exit from the water. Students who do not complete the swim requirement during their first year, during a PE swim class or during orientation in subsequent years, will have to pay a $100 fee. Any student who cannot meet this requirement must register for PE 1100 Beginning Swimming as their physical education course before electives can be chosen.
If a student does not pass the swim requirement in their first Beginning Swimming PE class, then the student must take a second Beginning Swimming PE class (PE 1100 or PE 1101). Successful completion of two Beginning Swimming classes (based on attendance requirements) with the instructor's recommendation will fulfill the University's swim requirement.
Students unable to meet the swim requirement because of medical reasons should contact the Office of Student Disability Services. When a waiver is granted by the Faculty Committee on Physical Education, an alternate requirement is imposed. The alternate requirement substitute is set by the Director of Physical Education.
College of Arts and Sciences Graduation Requirements
Undergraduate Degrees
Graduation Requirements for the Bachelor of Arts Degree
Credit Requirement
120 academic credits are required, 100 of which must be taken in the College of Arts & Sciences. 100 credits in Arts & Sciences is a minimum number, as is the 120 credit total. A minimum of 80 credits must be in courses for which a letter grade was received. AP, IB, CASE and A-Level credits count toward the 120 total credits but not toward the 100 A&S credits. Transfer credits for non-transfer students cannot count towards the 100 A&S credits. (See list of courses that do not count as academic credit.)
Residency Requirement
Eight full-time semesters in residence (in person) are expected to complete degree requirements with a minimum of six full-time semesters being required. External transfer students must complete a minimum of four full-time residence semesters.
First-year Writing Seminar (FWS) Requirement
Two courses are required. A 5 on either the AP English Composition or Literature exam, or a 7 on the IB HL English Literature or Language exam will count towards one of these seminars. First-year students should take an FWS during their first semester at Cornell and are required to complete two by the end of their sophomore year.
Foreign Language Requirement
A student must either pass an intermediate Cornell language course at the 2000-level or above (Option 1) or complete at least 11 credits in a single foreign language at Cornell (Option 2). AP and IB credits cannot complete this requirement, but usually indicate that a student can place into a higher level course. Note: Native speakers of a foreign language may be exempted from this requirement. For a list of language offerings and placement, see Language Study at Cornell.
Distribution Requirement
Must take a minimum of 8 courses of at least 3 credits to fulfill 10 distribution categories. How an individual course is categorized is indicated with the appropriate abbreviation in its course description. It is important to recognize that only courses with the proper designation in the catalog can be used toward fulfilling the distribution requirements in Arts and Sciences. Unless otherwise specified, variable credit courses, including independent study courses, may not be used for distribution credit.
Arts & Sciences Distribution Requirement Categories:
- Arts, Literature, and Culture (ALC-AS)
- Biological Sciences (BIO-AS)
- Ethics and the Mind (ETM-AS)
- Global Citizenship (GLC-AS)
- Historical Analysis (HST-AS)
- Physical Sciences (PHS-AS)
- Social Difference (SCD-AS)
- Social Sciences (SSC-AS)
- Statistics and Data Science (SDS-AS)
- Symbolic and Mathematical Reasoning (SMR-AS)
To review distribution requirement definitions and course lists, please visit the College of Arts and Sciences Distribution Requirement List section of this catalog.
Major Requirement
Students must complete the requirements for at least one major in A&S. See individual major listings for major requirements.
Policies on Applying Cornell and Non-Cornell Courses and Credits to Distribution Requirements
Restrictions on Applying AP/Test Credit and Courses from Other Institutions to the Distribution Requirements
- Students may not apply AP/test credit or transfer credit from another institution to the distribution requirements.
- Students who transfer to the college from another institution are under the above rules for advanced placement credit, but are eligible to have credit for post–high school course work taken during regular full-time semesters (not summer terms) at their previous institution count toward all distribution requirements. Transfer students receive a detailed credit evaluation when they are accepted for admission.
Restrictions on Applying Cornell Courses to the Distribution Requirements
- First-year writing seminars and ENGL 2860 Creative, Lyric, and Expository Writing or ENGL 2880 Expository Writing taken to satisfy a first-year writing seminar requirement may not count toward any other college or major requirement.
- Only courses with the proper designation in the Courses of Study can be used toward fulfilling the distribution requirements in Arts and Sciences.
- Students may not petition to change the category of any given course, nor may any faculty member change the category of a course for an individual student. Faculty members wishing to change the category for a course in which they are the primary instructor must petition the Educational Policy Committee for a change in category. If granted, the new category must be applied to the course as a whole and not for an individual student.
Courses That May Fulfill More Than One Requirement
- A course may fulfill more than one college requirement in any of the following situations:
- A course may be used to fulfill distribution and a major requirement (except if prohibited by one of the restrictions noted on applying AP/test credit, transfer credit, and Cornell courses to distribution requirements).
- A course may satisfy a maximum of two distribution categories. Students can only double-count distribution requirements on a maximum of two courses.
- A one-semester course in foreign literature (not language) or culture that is acceptable for certifying Option 1 in that language may also be applied to the relevant distribution requirement.
- Courses may count toward any other requirement except first-year writing seminars.
Credit Requirement
Credits and Courses
Students must earn a minimum of 120 academic credits (which may include AP/test credits). Of the 120, a minimum of 100 must be from courses taken in the College of Arts and Sciences at Cornell.
Courses that do not count toward the 120 credits required for the degree
The College of Arts and Sciences does not grant credit toward the degree for every course offered by the university. Courses in service as a teaching assistant, physical education, remedial or developmental training, precalculus mathematics, supplemental science and mathematics, offered by the Learning Strategies Center, and English as a second language are among those for which degree credit is not awarded. Students can view the list of courses that do not count for academic credit here.
Other cases in which a course may not receive credit include the following:
- A course identified as a prerequisite for a subsequent course may not be taken for credit once a student completes that subsequent course.
- A repeated course. (For more information, see "Repeating courses," below.)
- A "forbidden overlap," that is, a course with material that significantly overlaps with material in a course a student has already taken. Students should consult the list of Forbidden Overlaps for more information.
Courses that count toward the 100 required Arts and Sciences credits
May include liberal arts courses approved for study abroad during a semester or academic year of full-time study (not summer abroad study), courses taken in certain off-campus Cornell residential programs, and a maximum of three courses that majors may accept from other colleges at Cornell as fulfilling major requirements. A&S courses taken in Cornell's summer session may count towards the 100 A&S credits.
Courses that do not count toward the 100 required Arts and Sciences credits
Include credits earned in other colleges at Cornell (except in the cases specifically noted in this section), transfer credits earned in any subject at institutions other than Cornell, and advanced placement/test credits. AP/test credits count as part of the 120 credits required for the degree but not as part of the 100 Arts and Sciences credits and may not be applied to distribution requirements. AP credits are posted on the transcript. If, subsequently, a student takes the course out of which they had placed, the AP credit will be removed because of the overlap in content. Students may use up to 12 credits of college approved ROTC courses as electives counting towards the 120 degree credits.
Repeating Courses
Students occasionally need to repeat courses. Some courses, such as independent study, some music and performance courses, and specific topical seminars, in which content is significantly different, do grant credit when the course is taken more than once. For all repeated courses, both grades appear on the transcript and are included in both the term and cumulative GPA. For repeated courses that do not grant credit more than once, only one instance counts toward degree credits and requirements.
Residency Requirement
The College of Arts & Sciences is a residential community and students typically spend eight semesters of full-time study in residence to earn the B.A. degree.
The completion of a fall or spring term as a full-time registered student at Cornell counts as a semester in residence. Summer and winter terms at Cornell, study in Cornell's School of Continuing Education and at other institutions do not count as semesters of residence.
The residency requirement has two components: a minimum number of semesters in residence and a requirement to spend the last full-time semester of study in residence.
Students matriculating into the College of Arts & Sciences as first-year students must have a minimum of six semesters in residence before graduating. First-year matriculants into A&S can count up to two semesters in an approved off-campus program as semesters in residence. Approved off-campus programs include A&S approved study abroad programs, Cornell in Washington, Cornell in Rome, Cornell in Los Angeles, and the Cornell-China & Asia-Pacific Studies (CAPS) Program.
Students who transfer into the College of Arts & Sciences after matriculating in their first-year in another Cornell college (internal transfers) must have a minimum of six semesters in residence, and a minimum of two semesters in the College of Arts and Sciences before graduating. Internal transfers can count up to two semesters in an approved off-campus program as semesters in residence.
Students who transfer into Cornell from another institution (external transfers) must have a minimum of four semesters in residence, and a minimum of two semesters in the College of Arts & Sciences, before graduating. External transfers can count up to one semester in an approved off-campus program as a semester in residence.
In addition to the minimum number of semesters in residence, all students must complete their final full-time semester of study (i.e., the last semester in which at least 9 academic credits are needed to meet graduation requirements) in residence. Students who have fewer than 9 credits to complete degree requirements, and have met the minimum number of semesters residency requirement, may elect to complete their degree requirements during Cornell summer and winter terms registered as an A&S student or at another institution with approved transfer credit. Students cannot meet final degree requirements registered as an extramural student at Cornell.
Exceptions to the residence requirement are not petitionable.
Foreign Language Requirement
The faculty considers competence in a foreign language essential for an educated person. Studying a language other than one's own helps students understand the dynamics of language, our fundamental intellectual tool, and enables students to understand another culture. The sooner a student acquires this competence, the sooner it will be useful. Hence, work toward the foreign language requirement should be undertaken in the first two years. Students postponing the language requirement for junior and senior years risk not graduating on time. Courses in foreign languages and/or literature are taught in the College of Arts and Sciences by the following departments: Africana Studies and Research Center, Asian Studies, Classics, Comparative Literature, German Studies, Linguistics, Near Eastern Studies, and Romance Studies. For a list of languages and placement see Language Study at Cornell.
The language requirement may be satisfied in one of the following ways:
Option 1 (FLOPI-AS)
Passing (a) a non-introductory foreign language course of 3 or more credits at Cornell at the 2000-level or above or (b) any other non-introductory course at the 2000-level or above conducted in a foreign language at Cornell. These courses are labeled in the roster with the distribution code FLOPI-AS (Foreign Language Option 1).
OR
Option 2
Passing at least 11 credits of study in a single foreign language (taken in the appropriate sequence) at Cornell.
Any exceptions to these rules will be noted elsewhere in individual department descriptions.
Students whose speaking, reading, and writing competence in a language other than English is at the same level we would expect our entering first-year students to have in English (as shown by completing high school in that language or by special examination during their first year here at Cornell) are exempt from the college's language requirement.
Major Requirement
Most departments and programs specify certain prerequisites for admission to the major; they are found on the pages for each department and program available at Degree Programs.
Students may apply for acceptance into the major as soon as they have completed the prerequisites and are confident of their choice. This may be as early as the second semester of their first year, and must be no later than the end of the second semester of sophomore year. A student without a major at the beginning of the junior year is not making satisfactory progress toward the degree and risks not being allowed to continue in the college. Undeclared first-term juniors must file a Late Declaration of Major form with Student Services and may be placed on a leave of absence during their junior year if they have not yet declared a major.
Double Majors
Completion of one major is required for graduation. Some students choose to complete more than one major. No special permission or procedure is required; students simply become accepted into multiple majors and are assigned to an advisor in each department. All completed majors are posted on the official transcript. Students are not allowed to continue their studies past their eighth semester to complete additional majors.
Early and Delayed Graduation
Graduating Early
A student may elect to graduate early if they are able to complete all graduation requirements in fewer than eight semesters.
Students must still satisfy the college's residency requirement as part of the graduation requirements. This residency requirement requires that students who are first-year matriculants into Cornell spend a minimum of six semesters in residence, external transfers must spend a minimum of four. To request an early graduation, students must notify the A&S Registrar's Office in KG 17 Klarman Hall or at as-studentservices@cornell.edu.
The earliest a student can request to graduate early and officially change their graduation date is immediately following the pre-enrollment period for their anticipated final semester. The student should have pre-enrolled in the classes required to meet the graduation requirements by the requested graduation date. The student must then complete Part I in DUST and have Part II completed by their major advisor.
Graduating Late: Ninth Term Enrollment
The Bachelor of Arts degree is expected to be completed in eight terms. If degree requirements cannot be completed in eight terms, students may seek permission to continue their studies. Requests will only be granted for students who have found themselves in emergent circumstances beyond their control which have prevented them from completing the degree in eight terms. Requests cannot be made until a student's final expected graduation term and will not be reviewed and approved until after the university drop deadline for that semester. Study beyond the eighth term is not automatically granted for the purposes of changing a major. Such requests must be discussed with a college academic advisor and require registrar approval. Requests to add an additional major or minor will not be approved for study beyond the eighth term.
If approved, students in the ninth and tenth term will be on a conditional status and will have restrictions placed on their enrollment to ensure successful completion of their degree. To request a ninth term, students must have their faculty advisor update Part II for any remaining major requirements. They will also need to submit a study plan to their college advisor listing the specific courses that will meet degree requirements for one major.
Student may elect to prorate credits if enrolling in 9 or fewer credits or take a full-time load if they desire. However, enrollment will be limited to 18 credits for the term so students can focus on their remaining required courses. In the rare case where a student may need to enroll in a tenth term to complete their degree, they will be required to prorate tuition and their enrollment will be limited to only the courses/credits needed for successful completion of one major. Additional enrollments will not be allowed.
Graduation Procedures
Application to Graduate
In the first semester of their senior year, students are prompted by Arts & Sciences Student Services to complete an online application to graduate. The application is intended to help seniors identify problems early enough in the final year to make any necessary changes in course selection to satisfy those requirements. Nonetheless, ensuring graduation requirements are fully met is the student's responsibility and any problems that are discovered, even late in the final semester, must be resolved by the student before the degree can be granted. Students are responsible for checking their DUST reports and transcripts each term and alerting Student Services of any problems with their academic record. To check on their progress in the major, students should consult with their major advisors.
Degree Dates
Cornell has three official degree conferral dates in the year: December, May, and August. Students who plan to graduate in August may attend commencement ceremonies in the preceding or subsequent May. Students graduating in December are invited to a special recognition ceremony in December and may also attend Commencement the following May. All academic work must be complete by the official conferral date in order to receive a degree on that date. Incomplete academic work will result in a later conferral date.